2024-11-24-世界银行-将社会保护和经济包容与斯里兰卡沿海渔业管理相结合（英）_45页_1mb

Summary of "Protecting People, Fish and Food: Integrating Social Protection and Jobs with Management of Sri Lanka's Coastal Fisheries"

This policy note explores the integration of Social Protection and Jobs (SPJ) programs with fisheries management to rebuild and maintain sustainable coastal fisheries in Sri Lanka, with a case study focus on the spiny lobster fishery in the Hambantota District.

Key Findings and Opportunities

1. Fisheries Context:

   • Sri Lanka’s coastal fisheries are vital for livelihoods, food security, and the economy.
   • Stocks are declining due to overfishing, weak governance, and climate risks like sea-level rise.
   • Short-term closures (e.g., for stock rebuilding) are being considered, but compliance and enforcement are challenges for poor fishers.

2. SPJ Reforms:

   • Sri Lanka is implementing reforms like the Aswesuma cash transfer program, but social assistance coverage remains low, and targeting is limited.
   • Challenges include inadequate monitoring, weak enforcement, limited fiscal space, and coordination gaps between SPJ programs and fisheries management.

3. Key Opportunities:

   • Strengthen governance by enhancing co-management through participatory fisheries committees (FCs) and improving coordination between ministries.
   • Use SPJ programs to support regulatory compliance by alleviating short-term impacts of restrictions (e.g., top-up payments during closures) and promoting alternatives to fishing.
   • Promote economic inclusion through active labor market programs (ALMPs) and vocational training to reduce reliance on fishing.
   • Link SPJ with coastal resilience by targeting women, youth, and informal groups, and improving registration systems.

4. Case Study Insights:

   • Poor fishing households (especially those catching lobster) face high poverty incidence and limited access to assets like boats or land.
   • They express interest in financial assistance, education, and alternative livelihoods but face barriers to accessing SPJ programs.
   • SPJ reforms must avoid increasing fishing effort while supporting livelihood transitions out of the sector.

Key Conclusions

• SPJ integration offers potential to support sustainable fisheries management if designed carefully to avoid unintended consequences like attracting new entrants.
• Strengthening governance, coordination, and innovative financing (e.g., climate funds) is critical for program effectiveness, given Sri Lanka’s fiscal constraints.
• Tailoring SPJ programs to address the specific needs of fishing communities (e.g., women, youth) can improve outcomes.
• Next steps include rigorous monitoring, stakeholder engagement, and further research on livelihood transitions.