世界银行-非洲SPJ亮点：通过社会保护赋予妇女和女孩权力（英）-2023-45页_2mb

Highlights from Africa SPJ: Empowering Women and Girls through Social Protection

Introduction

• Social protection interventions have broad positive impacts on women and girls, especially economic outcomes. The World Bank Africa region has increased focus on women’s empowerment (WGE), integrating it into projects.

Operational Approach to WGE

• Empowerment Defined:
  • Three pillars: Resources (physical/financial, human capital, social capital),
    Agency (psychological skills, decision-making, collective action),
    Context (social norms, institutions).
  • Interventions in multiple pillars are necessary to prevent backlash and achieve transformative change.

Key Findings

• Progress Achieved:

  • Up to 33% of SPJ projects now list WGE as explicit goals.
  • Increased focus on empowering adolescent girls through safe spaces and vocational training.
  • Digital payments to women growing rapidly across projects.

• Top Intervention Types:

  1. Resources:
     Monetary Transfers to Women (provide direct cash),
     Women-Owned Account Access,
     Childcare Provision (increase female workforce participation),
     Vocational Training in Male-Dominated Sectors (e.g., cashiers, plumbers),
     Safe spaces for Adolescent Girls.

  2. Agency:
     Psychosocial & Life Skills Training (e.g., self-efficacy, negotiation),
     Behavioral Nudges (aligned with project deliverables),
     Gender-Responsive Grievance Redress Mechanisms (GBV responses).

  3. Context:
     Engaging Community Leaders (on gender norms),
     Engaging Husbands/Fathers/Men (for gender transformation).

Lessons Learned

• Integration: WGE interventions not just add-ons but enhancing core project goals.
• Holistic Approach: Combining resources, agency, and context interventions leads to transformation.
• Feasibility: Even quotas for women enrollment need complementary measures; women-focused safe spaces dedicated for childcare significantly impact participation.

Recommendations

1. Comprehensive Pillar Assessment: Task teams to identify constraints in each empowerment pillar during project design.
2. Expand Context Interventions: Experiment more with engaging men/gatekeepers at household/community levels.
3. Enhance Legal & Policy Reforms: Direct SPJ operations to be part of broader policy reforms targeting gender power dynamics.
4. Better Monitoring of WGE: Integrate specific outcome indicators for empowerment beyond participation numbers.

Resource Repository

• Now available online: An interactive tool for retrieving and categorizing 43 proven WGE interventions.