2024-10-20-未来能源研究所-碳边界调整如何推动全球气候政策势头（英）_25页_3mb

Carbon Border Adjustments and Global Climate Policy

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms (CBAMs), exemplified by the EU and UK policies, aim to mitigate climate change by addressing free-rider issues and spurring global policy momentum through spillover effects. The EU CBAM imposes levies on imports based on embedded emissions, provided other jurisdictions have equivalent carbon prices. This mechanism encourages countries like China and India to consider carbon pricing or decarbonization measures. Globally, the EU CBAM has driven policy advances in carbon pricing; from 57 initiatives in 2019, implementation rose to 75 by 2024, covering 24% of emissions. Media coverage also surged in regions without carbon pricing, indicating heightened interest in decarbonization strategies.

However, challenges persist, such as carbon leakage, disguised protectionism, and WTO compatibility concerns. Recommendations stress careful policy design, multilateral coordination to reduce administrative burdens and facilitate convergence, and differentiated carbon pricing tiers based on development levels to support equitable global efforts.

Key Elements from Report 24-20

• Spillover Evidence: The EU CBAM fostered substantial international adoption of carbon pricing.
• US Role: Notable media reactions and policy proposals like the Foreign Pollution Fee Act highlight ongoing adaptation, though carbon pricing remains limited.
• Recommendations: Focus on multilateralism, differentiated support, strategic implementation to amplify climate policy effectiveness.