2023-05-30-IMF-土耳其的气候缓解政策（英）_48页_1017kb

报告摘要

This report outlines a comprehensive climate mitigation strategy for Türkiye, focusing on both environmental and economic considerations.

Emissions Target: Define a GHG emissions goal of around 290-300 million tonnes for 2030 to align with the net-zero target of 2053.
Carbon Pricing: Implement a comprehensive carbon price (either a tax or emissions trading system) rising progressively to $75 per tonne by 2030 to drive emissions reductions across all sectors.
Revenue Recycling: Use carbon pricing revenues to reduce labor taxes and provide targeted support to low-income households, ensuring the policy is pro-poor and equitable.
Border Carbon Adjustment: Consider a carbon border adjustment mechanism to address competitiveness concerns from domestic carbon pricing.
Sectoral Reinforcement: Introduce feebate schemes in the power, industry, transportation, and building sectors to enhance mitigation incentives without significant tax burdens.
Clean Vehicle Adoption: Implement a feebate-based system in vehicle registration taxes to encourage the transition to electric vehicles.
Appliance and Building Efficiency: Use feebates to promote energy-efficient appliances and renovations for buildings.
Extractive Sector Mitigation: Consider proxy emissions pricing schemes for the extractive industries.
Forestry Carbon Storage: Implement a feebate program to reward landowners for enhancing carbon storage in forests.

A $75 carbon price phased in by 2030 would reduce CO₂ emissions by 21% below baseline levels in 2030, raising revenues of 1.7% of GDP.
The policy would avoid 11,000 premature deaths from air pollution while being revenue-neutral and pro-equity.
Turkey’s climate strategy would position it as a regional and international leader in mitigation efforts.

This approach balances ambitious climate goals with economic considerations, ensuring policies are both effective and equitable.

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