2015-12-31-世界卫生组织-2016_STEPS_Fact_Sheet_Georgia_3页_172kb

STEPS Survey Summary: Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors in Georgia (2016)

Core Information

• Survey Period: June 2016 to September 2016
• Survey Type: Population-based survey on noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors
• Target Population: Adults aged 18–69 years
• Sampling Method: Multi-stage cluster sampling
• Total Participants: 5,554 adults
• Overall Response Rate: 75.7%
• Repeat Survey Plan: Planned for 2021 if funds permit

Step 1: Socio-demographic and Behavioural Data

Tobacco Use

• Percentage of current tobacco smokers: 31.0% (28.9–33.0)
  • Males: 57.0% (53.6–60.3)
  • Females: 7.0% (5.8–8.2)
• Percentage of daily tobacco smokers: 28.0% (26.0–30.0)
  • Males: 51.5% (48.1–55.0)
  • Females: 6.2% (5.1–7.4)
• Average age started smoking:
  • Current daily smokers: 18.3 years (Males: 17.8, Females: 22.4)
  • Current smokers: 18.4 years (Males: 17.9, Females: 22.6)
• Percentage of daily smokers using manufactured cigarettes: 98.6% (97.7–99.5)
• Mean number of manufactured cigarettes per day:
  • Males: 22.2
  • Females: 14.4

Alcohol Consumption

• Percentage of lifetime abstainers: 10.4% (8.9–12.0)
  • Males: 3.9% (2.6–5.3)
  • Females: 16.4% (14.1–18.8)
• Percentage of past 12-month abstainers: 20.1% (18.5–21.7)
  • Males: 11.4% (9.5–13.3)
  • Females: 28.1% (25.8–30.4)
• Percentage of current drinkers (in past 30 days): 39.1% (36.6–41.5)
  • Males: 58.9% (55.2–62.5)
  • Females: 20.8% (18.6–22.9)
• Percentage engaging in heavy episodic drinking (≥6 drinks on any occasion in the past 30 days): 18.3% (16.1–20.6)
  • Males: 35.3% (31.2–39.4)
  • Females: 2.6% (1.7–3.5)

Diet

• Mean number of fruit days per week: 5.3 (5.2–5.4)
  • Males: 5.1 (4.9–5.3)
  • Females: 5.4 (5.3–5.6)
• Mean fruit servings per day: 2.0 (1.9–2.1)
  • Males: 2.0 (1.8–2.1)
  • Females: 2.1 (1.9–2.2)
• Mean number of vegetable days per week: 6.0 (5.9–6.1)
  • Males: 5.9 (5.8–6.0)
  • Females: 6.1 (5.9–6.2)
• Mean vegetable servings per day: 2.4 (2.3–2.5)
• Percentage with less than 5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables per day: 63.0% (60.1–66.0)
• Percentage who always or often add salt/salty sauce: 26.7% (24.7–28.8)
  • Males: 33.4% (29.4–37.3)
  • Females: 20.6% (18.6–22.7)
• Percentage who always or often eat processed foods high in salt: 14.3% (12.4–16.2)
  • Males: 18.9% (15.3–22.5)
  • Females: 10.1% (8.7–11.5)

Physical Activity

• Percentage with insufficient physical activity (<150 minutes of moderate activity per week): 17.4% (15.6–19.2)
  • Males: 16.2% (13.6–18.9)
  • Females: 18.4% (16.3–20.4)
• Median time spent in physical activity per day (minutes):
  • Both sexes: 137.1 (40.0–300.0)
  • Males: 158.6 (55.7–342.9)
  • Females: 173.8 (30.0–270.0)
• Percentage not engaging in vigorous activity: 82.4% (80.3–84.6)
  • Males: 72.2% (68.5–75.9)
  • Females: 91.8% (90.1–93.4)

Cervical Cancer Screening

• Percentage of women aged 30–49 years who have ever had cervical cancer screening: 23.9% (20.6–27.3)

Step 2: Physical Measurements

• Mean BMI: 28.1 (27.8–28.4)
  • Males: 27.9 (27.5–28.3)
  • Females: 28.3 (28.0–28.6)
• Percentage overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²): 64.6% (62.3–67.0)
  • Males: 65.5% (61.4–69.7)
  • Females: 63.8% (61.4–66.3)
• Percentage obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m²): 33.2% (31.3–35.2)
  • Males: 30.2% (26.9–33.6)
  • Females: 36.0% (33.7–38.2)
• Average waist circumference:
  • Males: 95.7 cm (94.3–97.2)
  • Females: 89.6 cm (88.7–90.5)
• Mean systolic blood pressure (SBP):
  • Both sexes: 129.4 mmHg (128.4–130.4)
  • Males: 132.6 mmHg (131.3–134.0)
  • Females: 126.5 mmHg (125.4–127.6)
• Mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP):
  • Both sexes: 82.2 mmHg (81.6–82.8)
  • Males: 83.0 mmHg (82.1–84.0)
  • Females: 81.4 mmHg (80.7–82.1)
• Percentage with raised BP (SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg or on medication): 37.7% (35.5–40.0)
  • Males: 38.6% (35.1–42.2)
  • Females: 36.9% (34.7–39.1)
• Percentage of raised BP individuals not on medication: 55.4% (52.1–58.8)
  • Males: 64.2% (59.3–69.0)
  • Females: 47.2% (43.4–50.9)

Step 3: Biochemical Measurements

• Mean fasting blood glucose (mmol/L): 4.4 (4.3–4.5)
  • Males: 4.4 (4.3–4.5)
  • Females: 4.4 (4.3–4.5)
• Percentage with impaired fasting glycaemia (≥6.1 mmol/L and <7.0 mmol/L): 2.0% (1.4–2.5)
  • Males: 2.0% (1.0–3.0)
  • Females: 1.9% (1.4–2.4)
• Percentage with raised fasting blood glucose (≥7.0 mmol/L): 4.5% (3.7–5.3)
  • Males: 4.7% (3.5–6.0)
  • Females: 4.3% (3.4–5.2)
• Mean total blood cholesterol (mmol/L): 4.3 (4.3–4.4)
  • Males: 4.1 (4.0–4.3)
  • Females: 4.5 (4.4–4.6)
• Percentage with raised total cholesterol (≥5.0 mmol/L or on medication): 27.7% (25.5–29.9)
  • Males: 21.9% (18.6–25.2)
  • Females: 33.0% (30.4–35.6)
• Mean daily salt intake (grams):
  • Both sexes: 8.5 (8.3–8.6)
  • Males: 9.7 (9.4–9.9)
  • Females: 7.4 (not fully reported)

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk

• Percentage aged 18–69 with 10-year CVD risk ≥30% or existing CVD: 28.8% (25.9–31.7)
  • Males: 30.8% (25.9–35.7)
  • Females: 27.1% (24.3–29.9)

Summary of Combined Risk Factors

• Percentage with none of the risk factors: 7.6% (6.0–9.2)
• Percentage with three or more risk factors:
  • Aged 18–44: 25.2% (22.1–28.3)
  • Aged 45–69: 48.6% (45.7–51.5)
  • Overall (18–69): 36.1% (33.8–38.4)

Key Findings

• Smoking and alcohol consumption are more prevalent among males than females.
• Overweight and obesity are common, with higher rates in males.
• Physical activity levels are generally low, especially among females.
• High salt intake and poor dietary habits are widespread.
• A significant proportion of the population has raised blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
• CVD risk is notably high, particularly among those with multiple risk factors.