2024-09-27-联合国粮农组织-2024年世界食品安全和营养报告_286页_8mb

Summary of The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2024 – Financing to end hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms

Core Content

This report, published by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Food Programme (WFP) and World Health Organization (WHO), focuses on financing for food security and nutrition as a critical component in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Target 2.1 (ending hunger) and Target 2.2 (ending all forms of malnutrition) by 2030.

Main Viewpoints

• Global food insecurity and malnutrition remain high: Despite some progress in certain regions, hunger and malnutrition are still increasing in many parts of the world, especially in rural areas and among vulnerable populations such as women, youth, and Indigenous Peoples.
• Affordability of healthy diets is a major barrier: A significant portion of the global population, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries, cannot afford a healthy diet, highlighting the need for improved access and affordability.
• Nutrition targets are not on track: The world is not progressing fast enough to meet the seven global nutrition targets by 2030, including reductions in stunting, wasting, and anaemia, as well as increases in exclusive breastfeeding and reductions in low birthweight.
• Financing is insufficient and misaligned: Current levels of financing for food security and nutrition are inadequate, and there is a lack of alignment across different funding sources. This gap is particularly pronounced in countries affected by multiple major drivers of food insecurity and malnutrition.
• New definition of financing is proposed: The report introduces a new, more comprehensive definition of financing for food security and nutrition, which includes addressing the main determinants of these issues, such as conflict, climate change, and inequality, through six transformative pathways.
• Innovative financing mechanisms are needed: To bridge the funding gap, the report recommends innovative financing tools and greater coordination among various funding streams, including public and private investments, remittances, and international aid.
• Political commitment and financial inclusion are key: The report emphasizes the importance of consistent political commitment and financial inclusion in enabling the scale-up of financing for food security and nutrition.

Key Information

Global Trends

• Hunger increased sharply from 2019 to 2021, and remained at similar levels in 2023.
• Food insecurity levels remained largely unchanged globally from 2022 to 2023, with only Latin America and the Caribbean showing a notable decrease.
• Malnutrition and obesity rates are rising: In many regions, especially in low- and middle-income countries, the prevalence of obesity is increasing, while undernutrition remains a significant issue.
• Women are more affected: Food insecurity is consistently higher among women than men in all regions, reflecting a gender gap that persists despite some recent narrowing.

Financing Gaps

• The global financing gap for ending hunger and malnutrition by 2030 is estimated to be trillions of USD.
• Official Development Assistance (ODA) and other official flows for food security and nutrition represent less than a quarter of global ODA and OOF flows, and are mostly directed towards food consumption and health.
• Public spending on food security and nutrition has shown steady growth in some countries (e.g., Benin and Uganda), but not in others.
• Government expenditure on agriculture is extremely low in low- and middle-income countries, where it is most needed.

Recommendations

• Scale up financing flows: To achieve the SDG targets, there must be a significant increase in funding for food security and nutrition.
• Improve alignment and synergy: Different sources of financing must be better aligned to avoid fragmentation and ensure that resources are used effectively.
• Promote innovative financing instruments: These include social impact investments, insurance mechanisms, and leveraging private sector engagement.
• Enhance data systems: Better data and global accounting systems are needed to track progress and ensure transparency in financing flows.
• Address inequality and conflict: These are major drivers of food insecurity and malnutrition, and policies must be designed to tackle them effectively.

Conclusion

The report underscores that achieving Zero Hunger by 2030 is not just an aspiration, but an obligation. It calls for urgent action and greater coordination among governments, international organizations, and stakeholders to mobilize and manage financing effectively, ensuring that all people have access to safe, nutritious and sufficient food.