2024-09-23-亚开行-促进气候恢复力和碳中和的拟议生命周期方法_以塔吉克斯坦公路分项为例（英）_69页_1mb

Proposed Life Cycle Approach for Promoting Climate Resilience and Carbon Neutrality in Tajikistan's Road Subsector

Background

• Tajikistan's mountainous terrain and climate challenges expose its transport infrastructure to risks from extreme climate events.
• The transport sector accounts for ~10% of national GHG emissions, making carbon neutrality and climate resilience crucial for sustainable development.
• The paper focuses on the road subsector as the dominant transport mode, proposing a life cycle approach aligned with Tajikistan's updated NDC.

Road Engineering Design and Construction

Interactions with Climate Change

• Climate impacts include extreme weather, temperature changes, groundwater shifts, and permafrost thaw.
• European countries integrate climate resilience codes, regulations, and NBSs (nature-based solutions) into design standards.
• Recommendations: Update design codes, use climate-adaptive materials (e.g., low-carbon concrete, rubber asphalt), adopt NBSs for stability and decarbonization.

Life Cycle Measures

• Material Production: Optimize raw materials, use recycled materials (e.g., RAP, reclaimed asphalt), and renewable energy for reduced emissions.
• Construction Technologies: Modernize equipment to improve energy efficiency, promote hybrid/solar-powered machinery.
• Spatial Planning: Avoid disrupting natural drainage and prioritize sustainable land use near roads.

Road Maintenance Practices

Current Challenges

• Inadequate funding and outdated assets hinder efficient maintenance, contributing to higher GHG emissions.
• Research shows timely maintenance reduces emissions by ~0.8%, and performance-based contracts yield ~1% lower emissions.
• Key interventions: Fund maintenance, use recycled materials, manage work zones efficiently.

Decarbonization Opportunities

• Modernize machinery to EVs or low-emission alternatives to decrease fuel consumption.
• Integrate training and advanced technologies to enhance efficiency and reduce lifecycle emissions.

Promotion of E-Mobility

EV Adoption in Tajikistan

• EVs reduce GHG emissions and align with Tajikistan's hydropower-based grid.
• Stakeholders cite cost savings and environmental benefits, but barriers include high purchase costs and limited charging infrastructure.
• National targets include 55% EV penetration by 2037, with electric public transport prioritized.

Infrastructure Development

• Phased deployment of public charging stations along national roads, aiming for 50,000+ chargers by 2030.
• Recommendations: subsidize charging infrastructure, phase out ICE vehicles progressively, implement fiscal incentives.

Actions and Recommendations

1. Engineering Design:
   • Update national road design standards, revise teaching curricula, and establish a roadmap for research and development.
2. Maintenance Optimization:
   • Create a secure road maintenance fund, integrate performance-based contracts, and prioritize timely interventions.
3. EV Adoption:
   • Implement a national EV plan, foster partnerships with manufacturers, and enforce EV phaseout deadlines for different vehicle types.
4. Long-Term Strategies:
   • Integrate climate resilience and carbon neutrality into road policies, engage broader stakeholders, and develop regional R&D platforms.

Analysis focuses on key aspects: climate vulnerabilities, decarbonization, recommendations, and lifecycle scope.