IMF-国际收支和国际投资头寸手册（英文第六版2013）-2020.9-371页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary of Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6)

Core Content

The Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6) is the sixth edition of the international standard for compiling balance of payments (BoP) and international investment position (IIP) statistics. Published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 2009, it builds on the fifth edition (BPM5) from 1993, incorporating updates to reflect changes in the global economy and financial markets. The manual provides a comprehensive framework for recording and analyzing international economic transactions and positions, emphasizing consistency with the System of National Accounts (SNA) and other macroeconomic statistics.

Main Purposes

To provide a standardized approach for compiling BoP and IIP statistics.
To support the IMF's role in economic surveillance and financial assistance.
To enhance the understanding of international economic relationships through balance sheet data.
To address the growing importance of analyzing vulnerabilities using IIP and BoP data.

Key Features and Revisions

Integration with SNA: BPM6 is closely aligned with the SNA 2008, ensuring harmonization and consistency across economic statistics.
International Investment Position (IIP): A new chapter dedicated to IIP, reflecting its increasing significance in assessing economic vulnerabilities.
Expanded Coverage: The manual includes new classifications and elaborations on financial instruments, financial services, and cross-border investment structures.
Enhanced Data Quality: It introduces a framework for data quality assessment and dissemination standards.
Regional Arrangements: Detailed guidance on currency unions, economic unions, and other regional cooperation mechanisms.
Multinational Enterprises (MNEs): New appendix on the statistical treatment of MNE activities, including their impact on IIP and BoP.
Remittances: A dedicated appendix on the classification and measurement of remittances, emphasizing their role in the economy.
Technical Improvements: Updated treatment of financial services, including FISIM (Financial Intermediation Services Indirectly Measured), securitization, and special purpose entities.

Main Chapters

Chapter	Focus
Chapter 1	Introduction to the manual, its structure, and history.
Chapter 2	Overview of the BoP and IIP framework, including satellite accounts and integrated economic accounts.
Chapter 3	Accounting principles such as flows and positions, valuation, and netting.
Chapter 4	Definitions of economic territory, units, institutional sectors, and residence.
Chapter 5	Classifications of financial assets and liabilities, including maturity, currency, and interest rate types.
Chapter 6	Functional categories such as direct investment, portfolio investment, and reserves.
Chapter 7	International Investment Position (IIP), including components like direct investment and reserve-related liabilities.
Chapter 8	Financial account, detailing the classification and recording of financial assets and liabilities.
Chapter 9	Other changes in financial assets and liabilities, including revaluation and exchange rate effects.
Chapter 10	Goods and services account, covering definitions and classifications of goods and services.
Chapter 11	Primary income account, including investment income and its treatment under different categories.
Chapter 12	Secondary income account, focusing on current transfers and their categorization.
Chapter 13	Capital account, addressing capital transfers and non-produced, non-financial assets.
Chapter 14	Selected issues in BoP and IIP analysis, including deficit financing, balance sheet vulnerabilities, and alternative presentations.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Exceptional financing transactions, including debt-for-equity swaps, debt rescheduling, and arrears.
Appendix 2: Debt reorganization and related transactions, outlining procedures and impacts.
Appendix 3: Regional arrangements such as currency unions, economic unions, and customs arrangements.
Appendix 4: Statistical activities of multinational enterprises, including their classification and data compilation.
Appendix 5: Remittances, detailing their economic significance and statistical treatment.
Appendix 6a–6c: Topical summaries on direct investment, financial leases, and insurance/pension schemes.
Appendix 7: Relationship between SNA accounts and international accounts.
Appendix 8: Changes from BPM5, listing the main updates and improvements.
Appendix 9: Standard components and selected other items, including currency composition and debt maturity.

Consultative Process

The manual was developed through an extensive consultative process involving the IMF Committee on Balance of Payments Statistics and international experts.
It was reviewed and refined through multiple drafts, public comments, and regional seminars.
Input was received from over 33 countries and various international organizations, including the OECD, BIS, ECB, and Eurostat.
The process ensured coordination with the Advisory Expert Group on National Accounts (AEG) and other relevant bodies.

Key Contributors

IMF Staff: Robert Dippelsman, Manik Shrestha, and other economists were involved in drafting and editing the manual.
Committee Members: Included representatives from member countries and international organizations, such as Australia, China, Japan, and the European Central Bank.
Technical Expert Groups: Four groups were established to address specific issues, including direct investment, currency unions, reserves, and balance of payments.
Advisory Support: The manual benefited from the expertise of the SNA editor, Anne Harrison, and other international collaborators.

Conclusion

BPM6 represents a significant evolution in the compilation and analysis of international economic statistics. It provides a robust, updated framework for balance of payments and international investment position data, ensuring consistency with the SNA and promoting transparency and accuracy in global economic reporting. The manual is a key reference for national compilers and users of BoP and IIP statistics, supporting the IMF's mission to monitor and assist in global economic stability.

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