世界经济论坛-在化学工业部署低碳排放技术的净零排放政策重点（英文）-2021.4-16页_2mb

报告摘要

Summary of "Towards Net-Zero Emissions" White Paper

Core Content

This white paper outlines the key policy priorities for the deployment of low-carbon emitting technologies in the chemical industry, as identified by the Collaborative Innovation for Low-Carbon Emitting Technologies (LCET) initiative. It emphasizes the need for a coordinated, multi-stakeholder approach to enable the industry to transition to a net-zero and circular economy by 2050.

The chemical industry is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and plays a critical role in enabling the decarbonization of other sectors. However, it also faces significant challenges in reducing its own emissions, including reliance on fossil fuels, high energy demands, and the need for innovative technologies. The LCET initiative aims to accelerate the development and large-scale deployment of low-carbon technologies through collaboration, innovation, and supportive policy frameworks.

Main Policy Priorities

1. Access to Affordable Renewable Energy

Key Enabler: Renewable energy, particularly green hydrogen, is essential for decarbonizing the chemical industry.
Need for Infrastructure: Reliable and affordable supply of renewable energy and hydrogen must be ensured through cross-border infrastructure development and EU-wide policies.
Cost Competitiveness: Renewable energy must be globally competitive in cost to avoid losing industry competitiveness.
Policy Instruments: Policies should support the use of renewable energy and hydrogen, including tax incentives, import regulations, and funding for demonstration projects.

2. Recognition of All Emission Reduction Initiatives

Scope 1, 2, and 3 Emissions: All emission reduction initiatives, including indirect emissions (Scope 3), must be recognized and accounted for in the pursuit of net-zero goals.
Circular Economy: Transforming linear value chains into circular ones is crucial for reducing the overall carbon footprint.
Standardization: Harmonized methodologies are needed to assess the carbon footprint of products across all stages of the life cycle, ensuring transparency and consistency.

3. Support for High TRL Technologies

TRL 7-9 Technologies: Public funding and investment support are vital for the development and deployment of technologies at higher Technology Readiness Levels.
Innovation Funding: Increased funding for research and innovation, especially in cross-sectoral partnerships, is necessary to drive technological progress.
EU Leadership: The European Commission should lead in supporting sustainable alternatives through research and innovation funding, including clear definitions and risk assessment frameworks.

4. Creating a Market for Circular and Low-Carbon Products

Sustainability Standards: The EU should develop legal frameworks and standards for low-carbon and circular products.
Market Incentives: Policies such as sustainability labeling, extended producer responsibility, and minimum sustainability requirements in public procurement can help create demand.
Climate Contribution: A climate contribution mechanism could support the economic feasibility of low-carbon technologies during the industry transition.
Single Market and WTO Compliance: The EU must ensure that all products entering the market comply with sustainability standards, while respecting international trade rules.

5. Global Collaboration

Paris Rulebook: Finalizing the Paris Rulebook at COP26 is critical for establishing a shared framework for international carbon markets.
Technology Sharing: Streamlined data and knowledge sharing between industry and policy-makers can accelerate the global adoption of low-carbon technologies.
Global Standards: Harmonizing global climate ambition, policies, and actions will help rank sectors by their potential for emissions reduction.
Trade and Investment: Reducing trade barriers and promoting access to low-carbon products globally will support the transition and maintain the competitiveness of the European chemical industry.

Key Viewpoints

The chemical industry must be at the forefront of the global transition to net-zero emissions.
No single technology can solve the industry's emissions challenges; a diverse portfolio of low-carbon emitting technologies is needed.
Public and private collaboration is essential for the development and large-scale deployment of these technologies.
The industry needs a supportive regulatory and financial environment to overcome the high costs and risks associated with new technologies.
A clear and consistent definition of "sustainable products" and robust methodologies for carbon footprint assessment are necessary to guide policy and investment decisions.

Conclusion

The LCET initiative underscores the importance of a strategic and collaborative approach to decarbonize the chemical industry. It calls for coordinated policy actions at both the European and global levels to support the development, deployment, and commercialization of low-carbon and circular technologies. The white paper also highlights the need for an engaged and informed policy community that works closely with industry stakeholders to shape the future of the chemical sector in a sustainable and competitive manner.