2007年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_in_Punjab___An_Agenda_for_Sub-National_Reform_14页_833kb

报告摘要

Summary of "Doing Business in Punjab: An Agenda for Sub-National Reform"

Core Content

This document provides an analysis of the Doing Business indicators for three major cities in Punjab province – Lahore, Faisalabad, and Sialkot – to identify areas where they can improve their global rankings by adopting best practices from other cities in Pakistan. The analysis is based on the Doing Business methodology, which evaluates 10 key indicators related to the ease of doing business, including Starting a Business, Dealing with Licenses, Employing Workers, Registering Property, Getting Credit, Protecting Investors, Paying Taxes, Trading Across Borders, Enforcing Contracts, and Closing a Business.

Main Viewpoints

Global Rankings: The document outlines the current global rankings of Punjab cities, noting that Faisalabad currently holds the best position among the three cities, ranking 78th in the world.
Improvement Potential: The report highlights that improvements in the Doing Business ranking can be achieved by adopting best practices from other cities in Pakistan, especially in areas like licensing, property registration, and trade procedures.
Key Differences: The differences in rankings are not solely due to regulations but also to factors such as proximity to trade hubs, cost of legal services, and court efficiency.

Key Information

I. Introduction

The report aims to assess how cities in Punjab can improve their global rankings by adopting best practices from other cities in Pakistan.
The Doing Business methodology uses 10 indicators, each with 3-6 sub-indicators, and ranks cities based on these.
Lahore, Faisalabad, and Sialkot have different rankings based on the methodology, with Faisalabad currently at the top.

II. Potential for Improvements

Average Rankings: Lahore and Sialkot rank 82nd and 81st, respectively, while Faisalabad ranks 78th.
Best Practice Cities: Karachi is the best for Registering Property, Paying Taxes, Trading Across Borders, and Closing a Business. Peshawar is best for Dealing with Licenses and Employing Workers.
Improvement Scenarios:
- If all cities in Punjab adopted the best practice of Karachi, Lahore and Sialkot would improve by 30 and 29 places, respectively.
- Faisalabad would improve by 26 places.
- The greatest impact would come from reducing the cost to obtain a license.

III. Specific Differences in Reform and Practice

1. Dealing with Licenses

Procedures: Punjab cities require more procedures than Karachi, particularly in environmental and electricity inspections.
Time: Lahore requires 231 days, Sialkot 218 days, and Faisalabad 200 days.
Cost: Faisalabad has the lowest cost at 1,403 USD, followed by Lahore and Sialkot.
Improvement: Adopting Karachi's procedures and Peshawar's cost and time requirements could significantly improve rankings.

2. Employing Workers

Labor Legislation: National but enforced at the provincial level.
Minimum Wage: Punjab cities have higher minimum wages than Peshawar, which uses the national scale.
Impact: Improving labor flexibility to Peshawar's level would raise rankings for Faisalabad and Sialkot by one place, while Lahore's ranking would remain unchanged.

3. Registering Property

Procedures: Lahore and Sialkot require 10 procedures, while Karachi requires only 6.
Time: Lahore takes 23 days, Sialkot 23 days, and Faisalabad 23 days.
Cost: Faisalabad is the cheapest at 1,403 USD, followed by Lahore and Sialkot.
Improvement: Reducing procedures to match Karachi's would improve rankings by 4 places for Lahore and Sialkot, and 6 places for Faisalabad.

4. Paying Taxes

Tax Rates: The cumulative tax rate varies slightly among cities, with Karachi having the lowest at 43.4% and Punjab cities at 44.8%.
Impact: Lowering tax rates to match Karachi's would not significantly improve rankings due to the small difference.

5. Trading Across Borders

Time and Cost: Lahore and Faisalabad take longer to import than Karachi, with Sialkot taking the longest.
Cost Differences: Sialkot has the highest import and export costs, which are 70% more than Karachi.
Impact: Reducing time and cost to trade would improve rankings, especially for Sialkot.

6. Enforcing Contracts

Time and Cost: Peshawar is the best for enforcing contracts, with lower time and cost requirements.
Impact: Lahore and Faisalabad would improve by 5 and 4 places, respectively, if they adopted Peshawar's standards.

7. Closing a Business

Time and Cost: Karachi has the best performance in terms of time and cost for closing a business.
Impact: Lowering the cost and time for closing a business could improve rankings for Lahore and Faisalabad by 4 places, and Sialkot by 5 places.

IV. Conclusions and Next Steps

The differences in rankings are due to both regulations and market forces.
The report recommends verifying the results and reviewing specific regulations and processes for potential efficiency gains.
Licensing, property registration, trade, and court procedures are identified as key areas for improvement.

Key Recommendations

Licensing: Reduce procedures and costs to match Karachi's and Peshawar's standards.
Property Registration: Streamline procedures and reduce time and cost.
Trade Procedures: Improve documentation and reduce time and cost for importing and exporting.
Contract Enforcement: Enhance court efficiency and reduce legal service costs.
Closing a Business: Lower costs and time to resolve cases.