2013年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_2014_Regional_Profile___Sub-Saharan_Africa_123页_2mb

报告摘要

Doing Business 2014: Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Profile Summary

Core Content Overview

The Doing Business 2014 report evaluates the ease of doing business in 189 economies, focusing on regulations affecting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) across their life cycle. This regional profile specifically analyzes the business environment in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), comparing it with other regions such as COMESA, ECCAS, MENA, and OECD high-income economies.

The report measures and benchmarks 11 key areas: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, resolving insolvency, and employing workers. Each area is assessed using quantitative indicators such as the number of procedures, time (in days or hours), cost (as a percentage of income per capita or property value), and rankings from 1 to 189.

Main Indicators and Regional Performance

Starting a Business

Global ranking: 124 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: Rwanda (rank 9)
Worst regional performance: Eritrea (rank 188)
Procedures: 8 (Regional average)
Time: 29.7 days (Regional average)
Cost: 67.4% of income per capita (Regional average)
Paid-in minimum capital: 125.7% of income per capita (Regional average)
Best global performance: New Zealand (rank 1, 0.5 days, 0.0% cost)

Dealing with Construction Permits

Global ranking: 117 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: South Africa (rank 26)
Worst regional performance: Eritrea (rank 189)
Procedures: 15 (Regional average)
Time: 171.1 days (Regional average)
Cost: 736.8% of income per capita (Regional average)
Best global performance: Hong Kong SAR, China (rank 1, 6 days, 1.1% cost)

Getting Electricity

Global ranking: 135 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: Rwanda (rank 48)
Worst regional performance: Guinea-Bissau (rank 188)
Procedures: 5 (Regional average)
Time: 141 days (Regional average)
Cost: 4,819.9 USD per container (Regional average)
Best global performance: Iceland (rank 1, 3 days, 0.0% cost)

Registering Property

Global ranking: 121 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: Rwanda (rank 8)
Worst regional performance: Nigeria (rank 185)
Procedures: 6 (Regional average)
Time: 58.9 days (Regional average)
Cost: 9.0% of property value (Regional average)
Best global performance: Georgia (rank 1, 1 day, 0.0% cost)

Getting Credit

Global ranking: 113 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: South Africa (rank 10)
Worst regional performance: Eritrea (rank 186)
Legal rights index: 6 (Regional average)
Credit information depth index: 3 (Regional average)
Public registry coverage: 7.8% of adults (Regional average)
Private bureau coverage: 25.2% of adults (Regional average)
Best global performance: Malaysia (rank 1)

Protecting Investors

Global ranking: 114 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: South Africa (rank 10)
Worst regional performance: South Sudan (rank 182)
Disclosure index: 5 (Regional average)
Director liability index: 4 (Regional average)
Shareholder suits index: 5 (Regional average)
Investor protection index: 4.5 (Regional average)
Best global performance: New Zealand (rank 1, 9.7 index)

Paying Taxes

Global ranking: 126 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: Mauritius (rank 13)
Worst regional performance: Chad (rank 189)
Payments per year: 38 (Regional average)
Time per year: 314 hours (Regional average)
Best global performance: United Arab Emirates (rank 1)

Trading Across Borders

Global ranking: 141 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: Mauritius (rank 12)
Worst regional performance: South Sudan (rank 187)
Documents to export: 8 (Regional average)
Time to export: 31 days (Regional average)
Cost to export: 2,108 USD per container (Regional average)
Best global performance: Singapore (rank 1, 4 days, 450 USD)

Enforcing Contracts

Global ranking: 123 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: Cape Verde (rank 35)
Worst regional performance: Angola (rank 187)
Time: 652 days (Regional average)
Cost: 51.1% of claim (Regional average)
Best global performance: Singapore (rank 1, 150 days, 0.1% cost)

Resolving Insolvency

Global ranking: 134 (Regional average)
Best regional performance: Mauritius (rank 34)
Worst regional performance: Chad (rank 189)
Time: 3.1 years (Regional average)
Cost: 23% of estate (Regional average)
Recovery rate: 19.1 cents on the dollar (Regional average)
Best global performance: Japan (rank 1, 0.4 years, 92.8 cents)

Key Insights and Findings

The regional average for all indicators is generally low, indicating significant challenges in the business environment of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Rwanda stands out as the best-performing economy in the region, excelling in starting a business, registering property, and getting credit.
New Zealand and Singapore are among the top global performers, with the lowest time and cost for business procedures.
Eritrea, Chad, and South Sudan are the worst performers, with high rankings and significant costs and time.
The distance to frontier measure shows that SSA is still far from the best global practices in most areas.
Technology-driven reforms (e.g., one-stop shops, online systems) have been effective in reducing procedures, time, and cost.
Legal reforms and streamlining of processes have led to improvements in starting a business and getting credit.
Investor protection and contract enforcement remain major challenges, with low scores and high recovery costs.

Methodology and Limitations

The report uses standard assumptions to ensure consistency across economies.
It focuses on domestic limited liability companies and local business cities.
It does not cover all aspects of the business environment, such as infrastructure quality, market access, or institutional strength.
Data is current as of June 2013, except for paying taxes which covers 2012.

Policy Implications

Policymakers should prioritize reducing procedures, time, and cost for business start-up and operations.
Technology and digital reforms are key to improving efficiency and reducing bureaucratic hurdles.
Legal and regulatory reforms can enhance investor confidence and contract enforcement.
Comparative analysis with both regional and global best practices is essential for identifying areas for improvement.

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