2018全球人道_主义援助报告（英文版）-9mb

Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2018 Summary

Core Content

The Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2018 provides a comprehensive overview of the scale, distribution, and effectiveness of international humanitarian assistance in 2017. It highlights the continued impact of conflicts and disasters on global populations and the challenges in meeting humanitarian needs.

Main Points

• Humanitarian Need: In 2017, an estimated 201.5 million people in 134 countries required international humanitarian assistance.

  • 23.5% of these were in just three countries: Yemen, Syria, and Turkey.
  • 60% of all humanitarian assistance was directed to 10 countries, with Syria receiving the largest share (14%) and Yemen the second (8%).

• Conflict and Displacement: Conflict remained a major driver of humanitarian need, with 21 of 36 countries with the largest populations in need experiencing conflict-related crises.

  • 68.5 million people were forcibly displaced due to conflict, violence, or persecution in 2017, a 4.5% increase from 2016.
  • Refugees made up 34% of all displaced people, with Turkey hosting the largest refugee population (3.5 million).
  • Internally displaced persons (IDPs) accounted for 62% of all displaced people, with Syria being the main origin of displacement (13.1 million people).

• Poverty and Vulnerability: There is a strong link between poverty, environmental vulnerability, and fragility.

  • 2 billion people lived in poverty (under $3.20 per day), and 753 million were in extreme poverty (under $1.90 per day).
  • 59% of those in extreme poverty lived in countries affected by fragility or environmental vulnerability.
  • 47% of the global poor lived in countries affected by fragility or environmental vulnerability.

• Funding Trends:

  • $27.3 billion was allocated to humanitarian responses in 2017, a 3% increase from 2016.
  • Government and EU institutions contributed $25.8 billion, with European donors accounting for 53% of total government funding.
  • Private donors contributed $1.5 billion, a 9% increase from 2016.
  • Multilateral development banks and pooled funds saw growth in funding, with pooled funds reaching a record $1.3 billion in 2017.

• Funding Gaps: Despite record funding, there was a $10.3 billion shortfall (41% of requirements), the largest to date.

  • UN-coordinated appeals requested $25.2 billion, but only $14.9 billion was responded to.

• Channels of Delivery:

  • Multilateral agencies received $12.3 billion (60%) of direct government funding in 2016.
  • NGOs received $4.0 billion (20%) directly, with a growing proportion of funding going to international NGOs (94% of NGO funding in 2017).
  • Local and national NGOs received only 0.4% of international humanitarian assistance directly in 2017.

• Cash Transfer Programs: A growing trend in humanitarian response, with $2.8 billion allocated to cash transfer programs in 2016, a 40% increase from 2015.

• Transparency: 73% of Grand Bargain signatories published open data to the IATI Standard, and 85% published data on their humanitarian activities by the end of 2017.

• Multi-Year Planning: A focus on multi-year planning and funding is essential due to the prevalence of protracted crises.

  • The Syria Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan accounted for 55% of total multi-year requirements.

Key Information

• Donor Concentration: A small number of donor governments continued to provide the majority of humanitarian assistance.

  • The three largest donors accounted for 59% of all government contributions.
  • Middle East and North of Sahara donor contributions continued to fall for a second consecutive year.

• Regional Distribution:

  • Middle East and North of Sahara region hosted the largest number of displaced people (21.3 million).
  • South of Sahara region hosted the second-largest (20.6 million).
  • Europe hosted 9.7 million displaced people, with Turkey and Greece emerging as new major recipients.

• Data Sources: The report is based on data from ACAPS, UNHCR, UNRWA, IDMC, OECD, and IATI.

  • The methodology is detailed and includes subnational data for better understanding of local vulnerabilities.

• Challenges: The report emphasizes the need for longer-term, multi-year funding and improved transparency and localisation of humanitarian response.

Conclusion

The Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2018 underscores the ongoing challenges in meeting humanitarian needs, especially in the context of protracted conflicts and complex crises. While there have been some positive trends, such as increased private funding and greater transparency, significant gaps remain in long-term financing and support for local actors. The report serves as a critical resource for understanding the current state of humanitarian assistance and guiding future efforts.