GHA-2018全球人道_主义援助报告（英文版）-2018.10-70页-9mb

Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2018 Summary

Core Content

The Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2018 provides a comprehensive overview of the state of humanitarian assistance globally, focusing on the number of people affected, the distribution of funding, and the effectiveness of aid delivery mechanisms.

Main Viewpoints

• Humanitarian Need: In 2017, an estimated 201 million people across 134 countries required international humanitarian assistance, with 23.5% of them located in just three countries – Yemen, Syria, and Turkey.
• Conflict as a Driver: Conflict and violence continued to be the primary causes of humanitarian crises, affecting 21 out of 36 countries with the largest number of people in need.
• Displacement Trends: The total number of people forcibly displaced reached 68.5 million, a 4.5% increase from 2016. Turkey hosted the largest refugee population, while Syria had the highest number of displaced people.
• Funding Shortfalls: Despite a record US$27.3 billion in international humanitarian assistance in 2017, there was still a US$10.3 billion shortfall (41% of requirements), highlighting the ongoing challenges in meeting the needs of crisis-affected populations.
• Funding Sources: A small number of donor governments accounted for 59% of all government contributions, with European governments contributing 53% of the total. Private donors saw a 9% increase in estimated contributions.
• Funding Distribution: 60% of all international humanitarian assistance was directed to 10 countries, with 14% going to Syria and 8% to Yemen.
• Cash Transfers: Cash transfer programs increased significantly, with US$2.8 billion allocated in 2016, a 40% increase from 2015.
• Transparency and Data: 73% of Grand Bargain signatories published open data to the IATI Standard, and 85% of these published data on humanitarian activities.

Key Information

Poverty and Crisis Risk

• 2 billion people globally live on less than US$3.20 a day (considered 'poor').
• 753 million live on less than US$1.90 a day (considered 'extremely poor').
• 59% of the extremely poor live in countries affected by fragility or environmental vulnerability.
• 47% of the poor live in such countries.
• Environmental vulnerability is more prevalent in lower middle income countries (31%) than in low income countries (15%).
• Fragility is more common in low income countries (85%) than in lower middle income countries (48%).

Funding Trends

• International humanitarian assistance reached US$27.3 billion in 2017.
• Government funding increased by 1.4%, while private donors contributed 9% more.
• ODA to humanitarian assistance rose by 124% since 2007, outpacing the overall ODA growth of 41%.
• Pooled funds grew to a record US$1.3 billion in 2017, with the Central Emergency Response Fund and country-based pooled funds increasing by 18% and 10% respectively.
• Multi-year financing is becoming more common, with 55% of multi-year requirements coming from the Syria Regional Refugee and Resilience Plan.

Delivery Channels

• Multilateral agencies received 60% of direct government funding in 2016.
• International NGOs received 94% of all funding to NGOs in 2017, up from 85% in 2016.
• Local and national NGOs received only 0.4% of international humanitarian assistance directly in 2017, a 0.1% increase from 2016.

Regional Distribution

• Middle East and North of Sahara region hosted the largest number of displaced people (21.3 million), more than double that of Europe (9.7 million).
• South of Sahara region hosted the second-largest number of displaced people (20.6 million).
• 70% of displaced people were in middle income countries, 22% in LICs, and 7% in high income countries.

Transparency and Reporting

• 73% of Grand Bargain signatories published open data to the IATI Standard.
• 85% of these published data on humanitarian activities.
• Improved reporting may explain the increase in undefined funding.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for long-term planning, greater transparency, and more effective use of resources to address the complex and often protracted nature of humanitarian crises. It also highlights the importance of local and national responders and the potential of cash transfer programs in meeting the needs of displaced and vulnerable populations. The slow growth in international humanitarian financing and inadequate long-term development funding remain critical challenges that require urgent attention.