DI-2020年全球人道主义援助报告（英文）-2020.7-98页_6mb

Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2020 Summary

Core Content

The Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2020 provides a comprehensive analysis of the state of international humanitarian financing in 2019 and its response to the Covid-19 pandemic. It highlights the challenges and trends in funding, delivery mechanisms, and the effectiveness of humanitarian aid in the context of growing global crises and the unprecedented strain caused by the pandemic.

Main Viewpoints

1. Global Humanitarian Needs and Vulnerability

• Over one billion people (16% of the world's population) live in countries experiencing protracted humanitarian crises.
• Protracted crisis countries are home to over half of the world's people living in extreme poverty (712 million globally).
• Poverty and crisis are closely linked, with 30% of the population in protracted crisis countries living in extreme poverty (less than $1.90 a day).
• The number of countries experiencing protracted crisis has more than doubled over the last 15 years, from 13 in 2005 to 31 in 2019.
• Displacement continues to be a major driver of humanitarian needs, with 215.6 million people requiring assistance in 2019, up from 2018.
• Venezuela accounts for 4.5% of globally displaced people in 2019.
• Displaced populations are particularly vulnerable to the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic, with 19% of displaced people living in countries at very high risk of the pandemic's impacts.

2. Humanitarian Assistance Trends

• International humanitarian assistance dropped by US$1.6 billion in 2019, the first decline since 2012, to US$29.6 billion.
• UN-coordinated appeals set a record high in funding commitments, reaching US$19.3 billion in 2019, despite the overall decline in assistance.
• Funding requirements were met at 64% of the total, but over a third of needs remained unmet.
• Disaster risk reduction (DRR) funding is critical for addressing climate change impacts, with 76% of DRR-focused ODA going to countries at very high or high risk of natural hazards. However, DRR funding accounted for only 1.0% of total ODA in these countries.

3. Efficiency and Effectiveness of Assistance

• Cash and voucher assistance increased by 20% in 2019 to US$5.6 billion, offering more flexibility and empowerment to beneficiaries.
• Direct funding to local and national actors dropped to 2.1% of total humanitarian assistance in 2019, down from 3.5% in 2018, falling short of the Grand Bargain target of 25% by 2020.
• Unearmarked funding (flexible funding) to nine UN agencies decreased for the fifth consecutive year to 14% of total humanitarian contributions, or US$2.6 billion.
• Private donors provided $3.9 billion in 2019, with $2.7 billion in unearmarked funding and $10.7 billion in earmarked funding.

4. Covid-19 Pandemic Response

• The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly increased the demand on the already strained humanitarian system.
• UN appeal requirements for non-Covid-19 crises were US$30.4 billion in 2019, but by June 2020, this had increased to US$37.7 billion, a 25% rise.
• Covid-19 funding commitments reached US$3.8 billion in humanitarian and development grants by early 2020.
• Development finance institutions such as the World Bank and IMF have also committed US$47.9 billion to the pandemic, with US$28.0 billion directed to countries within the UN Global Humanitarian Response Plan (GHRP).
• Multilateral organizations accounted for 73% of international humanitarian assistance to the pandemic response by June 2020, up from 61% in 2014–2018.

Key Information

• Funding gaps remain significant, with only 20% of total requirements for both the pandemic and other humanitarian appeals met by June 2020, compared to 23% in the same period in 2019.
• Data collection and transparency are still major challenges, particularly in tracking funding flows and aligning humanitarian and development support.
• Gender-disaggregated data is lacking, despite an increase in the number of donors reporting ODA with a focus on ending gender-based violence, which still represents less than 1% of total ODA.
• The report emphasizes the need for more flexible and direct funding to local and national actors, as well as improved coordination between humanitarian, development, and peace actors.

Conclusion

The 2020 report underscores the increased complexity and scale of global humanitarian needs, especially in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. While there have been positive developments such as the rise in cash and voucher assistance, progress on key commitments like direct funding to local actors remains limited. The report calls for greater transparency, flexibility, and alignment in humanitarian financing to better meet the needs of vulnerable populations and support long-term resilience.