2014年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Tanzania_Country_Profile_2013_15页_855kb
报告摘要
Tanzania Country Profile 2013: Enterprise Survey Summary
Core Content Overview
The Tanzania Country Profile 2013 provides an analysis of the business environment and firm performance through the Enterprise Surveys, conducted by the World Bank and its partners. These surveys cover small, medium, and large firms in the non-agricultural formal private economy and include data on various factors influencing business operations, including infrastructure, trade, regulations, corruption, crime, and finance. The data is benchmarked against the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region and the low-income group, offering insights into how Tanzania compares to its peers.
Main Topics and Key Findings
1. Business Environment Obstacles
- The business environment in Tanzania is shaped by various constraints that affect firm performance.
- The top 10 constraints as identified by firms include regulatory, tax, licensing, and informal practices.
- Large firms report more significant challenges compared to small and medium firms, particularly in business licensing, corruption, and regulations.
2. Average Firm Characteristics
- The average firm in Tanzania has been in operation for 13.7 years.
- Female participation in management and ownership is relatively low, with 14% of firms having a female top manager and 24.7% having female participation in ownership.
- 95.3% of firms are privately owned, with 2.9% being foreign-owned and 0.1% being government-owned.
3. Infrastructure
- Electricity supply is a major concern, with 8.9 power outages per month and 5.5% of sales lost due to outages.
- Water shortages occur 2.1 times per month, with an average 2.7 hours of shortage per incident.
- Delays in obtaining infrastructure services are high, with 52.6 days for electricity, 31.9 days for water, and N/A for telephone connections.
4. Trade
- 14.2% of firms engage in export activities, with 62.8% of manufacturing firms using foreign inputs.
- Customs clearance for exports takes 12.4 days on average, while for imports it takes 31.5 days.
- Losses during export due to theft are 1.8%, and due to breakage or spoilage are 0.6%.
5. Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing
- Corruption is a major issue, with 20.2% of firms reporting the Graft Index.
- Bribery expectations are high, especially for government contracts (66.2%) and construction permits (31.4%).
- Regulatory burden is significant, with 2.0% of senior management time spent on government regulation requirements and 1.3 visits per year with tax officials.
6. Corruption
- Corruption is widespread and affects firm operations through bribery and informal payments.
- 66.2% of firms expect to give gifts to secure government contracts.
- 31.4% of firms expect to give gifts to obtain a construction permit.
- 5.1% of firms expect to give gifts for an import license, indicating lower levels of corruption in this area compared to others.
7. Crime and Informality
- 36.7% of firms believe the court system is fair.
- Security costs account for 2.9% of sales, and theft, robbery, vandalism, and arson cause 1.0% of sales losses.
- 75.0% of firms are formally registered when starting operations, indicating a moderate level of informality.
8. Finance
- Internal finance is the primary source for investment, with 79.6% of firms relying on it.
- Bank finance accounts for 8.8%, and trade credit for 0.8%.
- 23.3% of firms use external financing for working capital.
- Collateral requirements are high, with 240.2% of the loan amount needed on average.
- 16.6% of firms have bank loans or lines of credit, and 73.7% have checking or savings accounts.
Key Information and Indicators
| Category | Tanzania | Small Firms (1-19) | Medium Firms (20-99) | Large Firms (100+) | Sub-Saharan Africa | Low Income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corruption Indicators | ||||||
| Graft Index (Incidence) | 20.2 | 17.1 | 33.6 | 8.5 | 19.3 | 23.5 |
| Gifts to Tax Inspectors | 14.6 | 13.9 | 18.4 | 5.7 | 17.4 | 20.8 |
| Gifts for Government Contracts | 66.2 | 80.2 | 39.4 | 33.0 | 32.1 | 34.2 |
| Gifts for Construction Permit | 31.4 | 15.9 | 57.4 | 12.6 | 25.2 | 31.2 |
| Gifts for Import License | 5.1 | 3.9 | 3.4 | 11.6 | 16.4 | 21.8 |
| Gifts for Operating License | 17.0 | 16.4 | 20.2 | 9.6 | 20.5 | 26.2 |
| Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing | ||||||
| Days to Obtain Import License | 24.2 | 31.0 | 25.8 | 6.5 | 18.8 | 16.0 |
| Days to Obtain Construction Permit | 41.3 | 51.1 | 35.6 | 28.6 | 56.1 | 53.2 |
| Days to Obtain Operating License | 18.8 | 18.8 | 18.8 | 21.6 | 23.2 | 20.5 |
| Senior Management Time (Government Regulation) | 2.0 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 3.6 | 8.2 | 8.9 |
| Average Number of Tax Meetings | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 2.2 |
| Open Shareholding Company (%) | 2.2 | 1.3 | 5.0 | 6.6 | 3.6 | 3.1 |
| Closed Shareholding Company (%) | 5.0 | 2.9 | 9.3 | 26.9 | 15.1 | 13.3 |
| Sole Proprietorship (%) | 75.2 | 79.5 | 65.9 | 31.0 | 57.9 | 60.7 |
| Partnership (%) | 10.2 | 9.5 | 12.0 | 18.1 | 9.0 | 9.2 |
| Limited Partnership (%) | 1.4 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 3.1 | 10.6 | 10.7 |
| Other (%) | 1.5 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 2.2 |
| Infrastructure Indicators | ||||||
| Power Outages (per month) | 8.9 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 7.8 | 11.2 |
| Value Lost Due to Power Outages (% of Sales) | 5.5 | 5.4 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 |
| Water Shortages (per month) | 2.1 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 2.6 |
| Average Water Shortage Duration (hours) | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.5 | 1.8 | 3.5 | 3.1 |
| Delay in Electrical Connection (days) | 52.6 | 47.9 | 69.7 | 122.9 | 32.8 | 43.2 |
| Delay in Water Connection (days) | 31.9 | 28.6 | 49.7 | 7.0 | 33.5 | 36.9 |
| Delay in Telephone Connection (days) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 28.6 | 32.3 |
| Trade Indicators | ||||||
| % of Exporter Firms | 14.2 | 11.0 | 18.2 | 60.6 | 11.3 | 11.8 |
| % of Firms Using Foreign Inputs | 62.8 | 60.0 | 61.9 | 86.9 | 60.6 | 57.0 |
| Average Time to Clear Direct Exports (days) | 12.4 | 1.5 | 16.1 | 14.1 | 9.3 | 8.7 |
| Average Time to Clear Imports (days) | 31.5 | 13.6 | 33.1 | 35.8 | 16.9 | 15.7 |
| Losses During Export Due to Theft (%) | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.1 |
| Losses During Export Due to Breakage/Spoilage (%) | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 1.3 |
| Crime and Informality Indicators | ||||||
| % of Firms Believing Courts are Fair | 36.7 | 35.3 | 38.1 | 67.2 | 47.7 | 46.0 |
| Security Costs (% of Sales) | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 2.7 | 2.3 |
| Losses Due to Theft, Robbery, Vandalism, Arson (% of Sales) | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 1.4 |
| % of Firms Formally Registered | 75.0 | 70.2 | 89.2 | 95.6 | 81.3 | 84.9 |
| Innovation and Workforce Indicators | ||||||
| % of Firms with International Quality Certification | 17.6 | 13.1 | 25.6 | 75.4 | 16.5 | 15.6 |
| % of Firms with Annual Financial Statement Reviewed by External Auditor | 39.9 | 35.0 | 52.3 | 81.7 | 49.4 | 47.0 |
| % of Firms Using Own Website | 22.6 | 16.4 | 36.6 | 83.5 | 24.3 | 23.6 |
| % of Firms Using Email for Communication | 30.0 | 22.2 | 49.2 | 94.1 | 53.2 | 51.7 |
| Average Number of Temporary Workers | 4.9 | 2.8 | 8.6 | 34.9 | 6.1 | 6.3 |
| Average Number of Permanent Full-time Workers | 18.1 | 7.7 | 32.0 | 173.7 | 28.0 | 32.7 |
| % of Full-time Female Workers | 44.0 | 46.0 | 39.6 | 17.8 | 29.8 | 26.6 |
Summary
The Tanzania Country Profile 2013 highlights the business environment challenges faced by firms, emphasizing corruption, regulatory inefficiencies, infrastructure deficiencies, and informal practices. These issues are shown to have a direct impact on firm productivity, costs, and operational efficiency. While Tanzania performs relatively well in some areas, such as security costs and formal registration, it lags behind in access to finance, international certifications, and ICT usage compared to the SSA region and low-income countries. The data underscores the importance of reforms in improving business environment and private sector development to enhance economic growth and sustainable development.
展开完整摘要
试读结束，高清完整版pdf/doc/ppt,请点下载
