2014年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Uganda_Country_Profile_2013_15页_1mb

报告摘要

Uganda Country Profile 2013: Enterprise Survey Summary

Core Content Overview

The Uganda Country Profile 2013 is part of the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, which assess the business environment across various sectors. The surveys are conducted on a representative sample of non-agricultural formal private firms and provide insights into factors that influence firm performance, including infrastructure, trade, regulations, corruption, crime, and financial systems.

Key Business Environment Indicators

1. Corruption Indicators

Incidence of Graft Index: 19.3% of firms in Uganda reported being asked or expected to pay bribes when applying for public services, which is higher than the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) average of 11.1% and lower than the low-income group average of 18.6%.
Gifts in Meetings with Tax Inspectors: 14.4% of firms expected to give gifts, higher than the SSA average of 7.6%.
Gifts to Secure a Government Contract: 5.8% of firms in Uganda, compared to 1.8% in SSA and 26.0% in the low-income group.
Gifts to Obtain a Construction Permit: 6.5% of firms, higher than the SSA average of 0.0%.
Gifts to Obtain an Import License: 1.0%, lower than the SSA average of 0.0%.
Gifts to Obtain an Operating License: 17.8%, slightly lower than the low-income group average of 20.3%.

2. Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

Days to Obtain Import License: 19.5 days, higher than the SSA average of 7.7 days and the low-income group average of 20.0 days.
Days to Obtain Construction-related Permit: 19.3 days, significantly higher than the SSA average of 51.1 days.
Days to Obtain Operating License: 10.5 days, higher than the SSA average of 7.9 days.
Senior Management Time Spent on Government Regulation: 6.7% of time, slightly lower than the SSA average of 11.7%.
Average Number of Tax Official Meetings: 2.8 visits, similar to the SSA average of 1.9 visits.
Open Shareholding Companies: 5.8% of firms, lower than the SSA average of 6.0%.
Closed Shareholding Companies: 4.8%, lower than the SSA average of 7.5%.
Sole Proprietorships: 65.2%, higher than the SSA average of 33.5%.
Partnerships: 14.9%, lower than the SSA average of 29.8%.
Limited Partnerships: 8.8%, lower than the SSA average of 18.7%.

3. Average Firm Characteristics

Age of Firms: Average of 10.5 years, slightly lower than the SSA average of 14.4 years.
Female Top Managers: 15.3% of firms, close to the SSA average of 5.5% and the low-income group average of 15.2%.
Female Ownership Participation: 26.4%, lower than the low-income group average of 33.5%.
Private Domestic Ownership: 89.9%, significantly higher than the SSA average of 79.8%.
Private Foreign Ownership: 9.5%, lower than the SSA average of 18.0%.
Government/State Ownership: 0.2%, lower than the SSA average of 0.2%.
Other Ownership: 0.4%, lower than the SSA average of 2.1%.

4. Finance Indicators

Internal Finance for Investment: 79.5%, higher than the SSA average of 76.1%.
Bank Finance for Investment: 3.3%, lower than the SSA average of 13.9%.
Trade Credit for Investment: 3.2%, lower than the SSA average of 5.5%.
Equity, Sale of Stock for Investment: 13.0%, lower than the SSA average of 3.5%.
Other Financing for Investment: 1.1%, lower than the SSA average of 1.0%.
External Working Capital Financing: 15.4%, lower than the SSA average of 22.3%.
Collateral Required for a Loan: 159.4% of the loan amount, higher than the SSA average of 172.7%.
Firms with Bank Loans/Line of Credit: 9.8%, lower than the SSA average of 24.7%.
Firms with Checking or Savings Accounts: 86.7%, close to the SSA average of 88.2%.

Main Topics Covered

Infrastructure:
- Power Outages: 6.3 per month in Uganda, higher than the SSA average of 4.4.
- Power Outage Losses: 6.6% of sales, close to the SSA average of 5.1%.
- Water Shortages: 0.7 per month, lower than the SSA average of 2.3.
- Water Shortage Duration: 0.8 hours, close to the SSA average of 3.4 hours.
- Delays in Obtaining Electrical Connections: 25.4 days, lower than the SSA average of 36.7 days.
- Delays in Obtaining Water Connections: 17.1 days, lower than the SSA average of 40.6 days.
- Telephone Connection Delays: N/A for Uganda, but the SSA average is 28.3 days.
Trade:
- Exporter Firms: 14.3% of firms, lower than the SSA average of 23.5%.
- Use of Foreign Inputs: 41.4%, higher than the SSA average of 36.9%.
- Average Time to Clear Direct Exports: 11.2 days, lower than the SSA average of 10.1 days.
- Average Time to Clear Imports: 24.1 days, higher than the SSA average of 19.0 days.
- Losses During Export Due to Theft: 0.9%, lower than the SSA average of 1.8%.
- Losses During Export Due to Breakage or Spoilage: 4.7%, higher than the SSA average of 1.8%.
Crime and Informality:
- Firms Believing Court System is Fair: 49.2%, higher than the SSA average of 29.7%.
- Security Costs (% of Sales): 4.2%, higher than the SSA average of 2.7%.
- Losses Due to Crime: 0.7% of sales, slightly higher than the SSA average of 1.2%.
- Formal Registration Upon Start-Up: 63.3%, significantly lower than the SSA average of 89.7%.
Innovation and Workforce:
- Internationally Recognized Quality Certification: 12.1%, lower than the SSA average of 36.9%.
- External Financial Statement Review: 53.3%, higher than the SSA average of 48.8%.
- Use of Websites: 19.2%, lower than the SSA average of 23.8%.
- Use of Email: 40.0%, lower than the SSA average of 67.4%.
- Average Temporary Workers: 5.7, lower than the SSA average of 49.2.
- Average Permanent Workers: 14.5, lower than the SSA average of 95.9.
- Female Full-Time Employment: 39.9%, higher than the SSA average of 23.6%.

Key Takeaways

Corruption remains a challenge in Uganda, though slightly less than in some low-income countries.
Regulatory and licensing processes are time-consuming, particularly for construction-related permits.
Infrastructure is a major concern, with frequent power outages and delays in obtaining utilities.
Trade is relatively open, with a significant share of firms using foreign inputs.
Financial systems in Uganda are less developed compared to SSA and low-income averages.
Crime imposes costs on firms, though the perception of fairness in the court system is relatively high.
Workforce and innovation show mixed performance, with low use of technology and a relatively low level of innovation in firms.