2014年-世界发展银行全球_Enterprise_Surveys___Uzbekistan_Country_Profile_2013_15页_990kb

Uzbekistan Country Profile 2013 Summary

Core Content

The Uzbekistan Country Profile 2013 is part of the Enterprise Surveys conducted by the World Bank Group, with support from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD). These surveys aim to evaluate the business environment and firm performance across different sectors and firm sizes in Uzbekistan, benchmarked against the Eastern Europe & Central Asia region and low-income countries.

Main Topics Covered

• Business Environment Obstacles: Identifies the major challenges firms face in Uzbekistan.
• Average Firm: Describes the typical firm in the non-agricultural formal private economy.
• Infrastructure: Assesses the quality and reliability of infrastructure services.
• Trade: Evaluates the trade activity and related challenges.
• Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing: Reviews the efficiency and burden of regulatory processes.
• Corruption: Measures the extent of corrupt practices in the business environment.
• Crime and Informality: Analyzes the impact of crime and informal economic activities.
• Finance: Examines how firms access and use financial resources.
• Innovation and Workforce: Looks at the use of technology and labor practices.

Key Findings

Corruption Indicators

• Graft Index: 6.9 (Uzbekistan) vs. 12.8 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 23.3 (Low income).
• Gifts to Tax Inspectors: 2.4% (Uzbekistan) vs. 10.3% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 21.6% (Low income).
• Gifts to Secure Government Contract: 8.0% (Uzbekistan) vs. 23.2% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 35.0% (Low income).
• Gifts to Get Construction Permit: 7.0% (Uzbekistan) vs. 22.3% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 31.4% (Low income).
• Gifts to Get Import License: 0.0% (Uzbekistan) vs. 9.1% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 21.2% (Low income).
• Gifts to Get Operating License: 11.3% (Uzbekistan) vs. 10.9% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 25.5% (Low income).

Regulations, Taxes, and Business Licensing

• Days to Obtain Import License: 14.9 (Uzbekistan) vs. 15.3 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 17.2 (Low income).
• Days to Obtain Construction-related Permit: 36.8 (Uzbekistan) vs. 80.2 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 59.2 (Low income).
• Days to Obtain Operating License: 22.2 (Uzbekistan) vs. 23.9 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 20.9 (Low income).
• Senior Management Time Spent on Government Regulation: 19.9% (Uzbekistan) vs. 28.9% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 9.3% (Low income).
• Average Number of Tax Official Meetings: 0.4 (Uzbekistan) vs. 1.4 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 2.4 (Low income).
• Legal Forms of Firms:
  • Open Shareholding Company: 0.4% (Uzbekistan) vs. 4.4% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 2.9% (Low income).
  • Closed Shareholding Company: 66.8% (Uzbekistan) vs. 76.3% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 19.0% (Low income).
  • Sole Proprietorship: 0.3% (Uzbekistan) vs. 12.8% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 54.3% (Low income).
  • Partnership: 0.1% (Uzbekistan) vs. 2.3% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 9.0% (Low income).
  • Limited Partnership: 0.9% (Uzbekistan) vs. 1.7% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 11.2% (Low income).
  • Other: 31.4% (Uzbekistan) vs. 2.5% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 3.0% (Low income).

Average Firm Indicators

• Age: 9.7 years (Uzbekistan) vs. 13.4 years (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 13.6 years (Low income).
• Female Top Manager: 13.4% (Uzbekistan) vs. 20.2% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 15.4% (Low income).
• Female Participation in Ownership: 29.2% (Uzbekistan) vs. 32.1% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 33.1% (Low income).
• Ownership Composition:
  • Private Domestic: 89.9% (Uzbekistan) vs. 92.5% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 87.6% (Low income).
  • Private Foreign: 4.9% (Uzbekistan) vs. 6.1% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 9.8% (Low income).
  • Government/State: 4.9% (Uzbekistan) vs. 0.7% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 0.7% (Low income).
  • Other: 0.3% (Uzbekistan) vs. 0.7% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 2.0% (Low income).

Finance Indicators

• Internal Finance for Investment: 82.2% (Uzbekistan) vs. 72.0% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 80.4% (Low income).
• Bank Finance for Investment: 12.1% (Uzbekistan) vs. 14.2% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 8.0% (Low income).
• Trade Credit Financing for Investment: 0.0% (Uzbekistan) vs. 4.8% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 3.2% (Low income).
• Equity, Sale of Stock for Investment: 4.1% (Uzbekistan) vs. 5.5% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 4.6% (Low income).
• Other Financing for Investment: 1.6% (Uzbekistan) vs. 3.5% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 3.8% (Low income).
• External Working Capital Financing: 8.1% (Uzbekistan) vs. 24.5% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 19.5% (Low income).
• Collateral Required for Loan (% of Loan Amount): 176.0% (Uzbekistan) vs. 189.1% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 202.2% (Low income).
• Firms with Bank Loans/Line of Credit: 26.4% (Uzbekistan) vs. 38.0% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 23.4% (Low income).
• Firms with Checking or Savings Account: 97.3% (Uzbekistan) vs. 91.6% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 83.5% (Low income).

Infrastructure Indicators

• Number of Power Outages in a Typical Month: 5.7 (Uzbekistan) vs. 1.6 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 11.3 (Low income).
• Value Lost Due to Power Outages (% of Sales): 2.2% (Uzbekistan) vs. 0.9% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 4.9% (Low income).
• Water Shortages in a Typical Month: 0.0 (Uzbekistan) vs. 0.3 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 2.6 (Low income).
• Average Duration of Water Shortage (hours): 0.0 (Uzbekistan) vs. 0.5 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 2.7 (Low income).
• Delay in Obtaining Electrical Connection: 6.1 (Uzbekistan) vs. 42.1 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 41.5 (Low income).
• Delay in Obtaining Water Connection: 2.3 (Uzbekistan) vs. 30.0 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 39.0 (Low income).
• Delay in Obtaining Mainline Telephone Connection: N/A (Uzbekistan) vs. 18.3 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 29.8 (Low income).

Trade Indicators

• % of Exporter Firms: 2.7% (Uzbekistan) vs. 22.6% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 12.4% (Low income).
• % of Firms Using Foreign Material Inputs/Supplies: 38.7% (Uzbekistan) vs. 64.2% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 58.6% (Low income).
• Average Time to Clear Direct Exports Through Customs (days): 4.6 (Uzbekistan) vs. 4.4 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 8.7 (Low income).
• Average Time to Clear Imports from Customs (days): 6.4 (Uzbekistan) vs. 5.9 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 15.5 (Low income).
• Losses During Direct Export Due to Theft (%): 0.0% (Uzbekistan) vs. 0.2% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 1.1% (Low income).
• Losses During Direct Export Due to Breakage or Spoilage (%): 0.0% (Uzbekistan) vs. 0.8% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 1.2% (Low income).

Crime and Informality Indicators

• % of Firms Believing the Court System is Fair, Impartial, and Uncorrupted: 88.7% (Uzbekistan) vs. 40.0% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 46.9% (Low income).
• Security Costs (% of Sales): 0.4% (Uzbekistan) vs. 1.2% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 2.2% (Low income).
• Losses Due to Theft, Robbery, Vandalism, and Arson (% of Sales): 0.1% (Uzbekistan) vs. 0.3% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 1.4% (Low income).
• % of Firms Formally Registered When Started Operations: 97.3% (Uzbekistan) vs. 98.2% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 85.9% (Low income).

Innovation and Workforce Indicators

• % of Firms with Internationally Recognized Quality Certification: 3.9% (Uzbekistan) vs. 23.0% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 15.4% (Low income).
• % of Firms with Annual Financial Statement Reviewed by External Auditor: 30.1% (Uzbekistan) vs. 34.8% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 45.1% (Low income).
• % of Firms Using Their Own Website: 22.5% (Uzbekistan) vs. 59.9% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 24.7% (Low income).
• % of Firms Using Email to Communicate with Clients/Suppliers: 44.3% (Uzbekistan) vs. 84.8% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 53.4% (Low income).
• Average Number of Temporary Workers: 1.1 (Uzbekistan) vs. 2.7 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 7.2 (Low income).
• Average Number of Permanent, Full-Time Workers: 29.5 (Uzbekistan) vs. 30.1 (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 33.5 (Low income).
• % of Full-Time Female Workers: 26.9% (Uzbekistan) vs. 38.9% (Eastern Europe & Central Asia) vs. 27.1% (Low income).

Conclusion

The Enterprise Surveys highlight that while Uzbekistan has a relatively high level of formal registration and a significant share of domestic ownership, it faces significant challenges in corruption, regulatory efficiency, infrastructure reliability, and access to finance. These issues may hinder firm productivity, growth, and the overall economic development of the country. The data also shows that Uzbekistan lags behind in innovation, ICT adoption, and gender representation in management compared to other regions and income groups. Overall, the business environment in Uzbekistan is seen as less conducive to efficient operations and growth compared to its regional and income group peers.