2017年-世界发展银行全球_Overview_of_World_Bank_CCUS_Program_Activities_in_Mexico_17页_405kb

Summary of World Bank CCUS Program Activities in Mexico

Core Content

The document outlines the first phase of the World Bank Group's (WBG) technical assistance project for the development of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) in Mexico. The project, funded by the WB CCS Trust Fund, aimed to support Mexico's low-carbon development goals by exploring the feasibility of CCUS technologies and establishing a regulatory framework.

Main Deliverables

Three key studies were conducted during Phase I:

1. Pre-Feasibility Study for a Post-Combustion Capture (PCC) Pilot Plant

   • Conducted by NEXANT Inc.
   • Aimed to evaluate six advanced amine-based PCC technologies and develop a conceptual design for a pilot plant at the Poza Rica NGCC power plant.
   • The study recommended a generic MEA-based design for the pilot plant due to the similar performance of the top five technologies.
   • The pilot plant was designed to capture 85% of CO₂ from 1% of the flue gas stream, with a capacity of 2.4 MWe, 387 t/d flue gas throughput, and 20 t/d CO₂ recovery.

2. Review of CO₂ Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) with Geological Storage

   • Conducted by Battelle Memorial Institute.
   • Focused on identifying requirements for CO₂-EOR projects to qualify as permanent storage and be eligible for carbon credits.
   • The study emphasized the need for clear regulatory frameworks, monitoring and verification protocols, and long-term storage assurance.

3. Regulatory Framework Assessment for CCUS in Mexico

   • Prepared by Milieu Ltd.
   • Analyzed the current regulatory landscape, identified gaps and barriers, and provided recommendations for policy development and implementation.
   • The study supported the integration of CCUS into Mexico's climate change mitigation strategy.

Key Findings

• PCC Technology Evaluation:

  • Six advanced amine-based PCC technologies were assessed.
  • All technologies showed a 20–25% lower heat of regeneration compared to the generic 30% MEA case.
  • The differences among technologies were minimal (±3%), making it difficult to identify a single "best" option.
  • The study recommended a generic MEA design for the pilot plant to allow for flexibility and testing of advanced technologies.

• Economic Evaluation:

  • The incremental Cost of Electricity (COE) for the PCC pilot plant was estimated.
  • The lowest COE was achieved by Fluor (35.0 $/MWh), followed closely by HTC Pur-energy (35.1 $/MWh).
  • The total estimated capital cost for the pilot plant was about $22.1 million, with a target accuracy of ±30%.
  • Annual O&M costs were estimated at $2.5 million, with 84% being fixed costs (primarily labor and overhead) and 16% variable costs (process consumables and chemicals).

• Regulatory and Policy Recommendations:

  • The study emphasized the need for a comprehensive and adaptable regulatory framework for CCUS.
  • It highlighted the importance of stakeholder engagement, knowledge sharing, and capacity building.
  • The recommendations aligned with the objectives of the WB CCS Trust Fund, which supports developing countries in exploring CCS potential.

Key Information

• Project Timeline:

  • The first phase of the technical assistance project was completed in early 2016.
  • The project aimed to support the implementation of two key pilot projects:
    • A PCC pilot plant at the Poza Rica NGCC power plant.
    • A CO₂-EOR storage pilot project in the Cinco Presidentes oilfield.

• CO₂ Emissions in Mexico:

  • Mexico's CO₂ emissions were estimated at 456 Mt/year in 2014, representing 1.3% of global emissions.
  • The country's National Strategy for Climate Change targets a 30% and 50% reduction in emissions by 2030 and 2050, respectively.
  • Despite these targets, fossil fuels are expected to remain the main energy source, necessitating CCUS as part of the mitigation strategy.

• Regulatory Gaps:

  • The study identified several gaps and barriers in Mexico's current regulatory framework for CCUS.
  • These included a lack of clear guidelines for CO₂ storage and utilization, limited stakeholder awareness, and insufficient policy support for CCUS projects.

• Stakeholder Engagement:

  • The project was jointly administered by the Mexican Department of Energy (SENER) and the WBG's CCS team.
  • The studies were instrumental in building capacity and increasing awareness among stakeholders in the energy and environmental sectors.

Conclusion

The three studies form the foundation for further CCUS development in Mexico, particularly for the planned pilot projects. They provided essential technical, economic, and regulatory insights, supporting the country's efforts to integrate CCUS into its low-carbon growth strategy. The findings also underscore the importance of stakeholder collaboration, technology flexibility, and regulatory clarity in advancing CCUS in developing countries.