波兰经济社会研究中心-能源政策和劳动力市场：对能源转型地区就业的影响（英）-2023.6-134页_3mb

Energy Policy and Labour Market: Summary

Key Findings and Recommendations

1. Strong Link Between Energy Transition and Labour Market

   • Energy transitions significantly impact employment, requiring tailored strategies to balance environmental goals with social equity.
   • Successful transitions involve engagement from all stakeholders (governments, enterprises, trade unions, NGOs) and a policy mix at EU, national, regional, and local levels.

2. Challenges in Energy Transition

   • Regions like Lusatia, Wielkopolska, and Upper Nitra face job losses and economic restructuring due to coal phase-out.
   • Short-term measures (e.g., social dialogue) are insufficient without long-term planning and funding.
   • Cultural and identity issues (e.g., miners' resistance to change) hinder adaptation in some cases.

3. Effective Strategies

   • Stakeholder Involvement: Broad participation in social dialogue ensures smoother transitions (e.g., Lusatia’s Coal Commission).
   • Skills and Training: Investing in education and retraining programs (e.g., ZE PAK’s initiatives in Wielkopolska) helps workers adapt to new sectors.
   • Funding Mechanisms: Stable and adequate financial support (e.g., EU Just Transition Fund in Upper Nitra) is crucial for structural change.

4. General Recommendations for Just Transition

   • Align strategies across governance levels to support regional development.
   • Invest in skills and training to meet emerging job market demands.
   • Ensure access to diverse funding sources (EU, national, private) and improve administrative capacity.
   • Address demographic challenges (e.g., aging populations) and tailor policies to local contexts.
   • Regularly evaluate transition policies to ensure effectiveness.

5. Case Study Insights

   • Lusatia (Germany): Strong coordination via the Coal Commission and focus on quality jobs.
   • Wielkopolska (Poland): Need to revisit strategy due to limited public support for workers.
   • Upper Nitra (Slovakia): EU funding is key, but administrative complexity and workforce adaptation challenges persist.

This summary underscores the importance of holistic, well-funded, and socially inclusive approaches to achieve a just energy transition.