2012年-世界发展银行全球_The_Sendai_Report___Managing_Disaster_Risks_for_a_Resilient_Future_68页_2mb

THE SENDAI REPORT: Managing Disaster Risks for a Resilient Future

Core Content

The Sendai Report emphasizes the critical role of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in building resilient societies and integrating it into all aspects of development. It highlights the growing impact of disasters on economic and human development, particularly on the poor and vulnerable, and calls for a shift from reactive disaster response to proactive prevention and preparedness.

Main Points

• Disasters disproportionately affect the poor and vulnerable, including women, children, the elderly, and those recovering from conflict. These groups are more exposed due to living in fragile environments and lack the resources to cope with crises.
• Disasters have significant economic impacts, with total losses from 1980 to 2011 estimated at $3.5 trillion. The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) was the costliest in history, with $210 billion in economic losses, equivalent to 4% of Japan’s GDP.
• Disaster risk is increasing due to higher exposure from population and asset growth in vulnerable areas, as well as environmental degradation and climate variability.
• Disaster risk is not evenly distributed globally, with low-income and small island states suffering the most. In some cases, the economic impact can exceed 100% of GDP.
• Disasters can have global ripple effects, as seen in the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption and the 2011 Thailand floods, which disrupted international supply chains and had far-reaching economic consequences.
• Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of hydro-meteorological disasters, such as storms, droughts, and floods, which account for 78.4% of all disaster events and $2.6 trillion in economic losses.
• DRM should be integrated into development planning, as it helps reduce risk and supports sustainable development. It requires informed decision-making, risk assessment, and the use of tools like Post Disaster Needs Assessments (PDNA) and Catastrophe Deferred Drawdown Options (CAT DDO).

Key Information

• Disaster risk is driven by three factors: hazard, exposure, and vulnerability.
• Risk identification involves understanding natural hazards, exposure, and vulnerability. This is essential for informed decision-making and planning.
• Risk reduction includes measures like building codes, early warning systems, and community-based preparedness.
• Mainstreaming DRM is crucial for reducing disaster impacts and promoting resilience. It requires collaboration between governments, donors, and communities.
• The World Bank plays a key role in DRM through its Country Assistance Strategies (CASs), financial instruments, and technical support. It is committed to enhancing its DRM efforts through increased resources and a comprehensive mainstreaming agenda.
• Regional cooperation is necessary to address cross-border disaster risks, especially in areas like South Asia, where river basins affect multiple countries.
• Cities are high-risk areas due to rapid urbanization and inadequate planning. DRM in urban settings should focus on risk-based territorial planning, building codes, and community engagement.

Key Recommendations

• Enhance understanding of disaster risk in client countries.
• Scale up technical and financial support for DRM in national, municipal, and local levels.
• Align DRM with climate adaptation to address long-term risks.
• Integrate DRM into fiscal and public debt management.
• Develop new contingent credit products and expand market-based risk financing instruments.
• Support social funds and community-driven development programs targeting the poor and marginalized.
• Improve disaster recovery planning in affected countries.
• Extend knowledge and partnerships for long-term disaster resilience.

Conclusion

The Sendai Report underscores the importance of mainstreaming DRM in development planning to mitigate the increasing impact of disasters. It calls for a global shift in priorities from disaster response to prevention and preparedness, with a focus on protecting the most vulnerable populations and integrating DRM into broader development strategies. The World Bank is positioned to lead this effort through its specialized expertise and financial tools, while international cooperation and community engagement are essential for achieving long-term resilience.