英文_ILO_集体谈判在促进公正过渡中的作用_55页_1mb

报告摘要

Just Transition and Collective Bargaining Summary

Introduction and Context:
Collective bargaining is a valuable tool for implementing just transitions—promoting environmentally sustainable economies while ensuring social equity. Just transition involves balancing environmental goals with worker protections, and it often requires strong social dialogue.
Key Findings from Literature:
- Just transition clauses in collective agreements focus on worker upskilling, consultation processes (e.g., redundancies), green jobs, and environmental sustainability.
- Most agreements contain vague or declarative language, but case studies show potential for transformational outcomes in countries with strong tripartite partnerships (e.g., Germany).
- Challenges include limited awareness, financial constraints, and the need for education from both social partners and policymakers.
Database Analysis (ILO Collective Agreements):
- Out of 512 agreements, 11% contain just transition clauses, mostly at the enterprise or sector level.
- 92% of these clauses are declarative, while 8% are transformative with measurable goals (e.g., training programs, sustainable commuting).
Case Studies:
- Germany: A collective agreement on lignite phase-out provided financial support, job retraining, and apprentice quotas, supported by strong state and social partner coordination.
- United Kingdom: Established green representatives and environmental committees at a local government level.
- Chile, Ghana, India, Republic of Korea: Highlighted workers’ representation, training, and adaptation challenges in sectors like mining, agriculture, automotive, and transportation.
Conclusion:
Collective bargaining can play a critical role in driving just transitions, but implementation depends on institutional contexts, state support, and worker/employer engagement. Efforts to raise awareness and standardize just transition clauses are essential for broader adoption.