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Advanced Quantum Testbed (AQT) 2022 Progress Report Summary

Core Content

The Advanced Quantum Testbed (AQT) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) is a state-of-the-art collaborative research laboratory funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Advanced Scientific Computing Research program. AQT serves as an open-access experimental platform based on superconducting quantum hardware, designed to foster deep collaboration with external users from academia, National Laboratories, and industry.

Main Objectives

• Collaborative Research: AQT provides a collaborative environment for developing and testing quantum computing technologies.
• Training the Quantum Workforce: It trains the next generation of scientists and engineers in quantum computing through hands-on access to cutting-edge hardware and software systems.
• Scientific Advancement: AQT enables breakthroughs in quantum information science and technology across various domains, including algorithms, simulations, and hardware development.

Key Components of AQT

Team Leadership

• Irfan Siddiqi: Director of AQT, Professor of Physics at UC Berkeley, Fellow of the American Physical Society, and leads the Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory and QuIST group.
• David I. Santiago: Science and Technical Lead, group leader for QuIST, with prior experience in quantum information device R&D.
• Christopher Spitzer: Quantum Program Manager, previously led grant-making programs at UC Research Initiatives.
• Ravi Naik: Head of Measurement, Research Scientist in QuIST, focused on two-qubit gates and noise in quantum algorithms.
• Kasra Nowrouzi: Head of Hardware, oversees full-stack systems for collaborative quantum computing experiments.

Testbed Infrastructure

• Cryogenic Platform: A Bluefors dilution fridge named "Blizzard" operating at 10 mK, equipped with 160 RF lines and supporting up to 128 qubits.
• Control Stack: Includes commercial and in-house controls, with QubiC being a notable FPGA-based system for efficient quantum experiment execution.
• Superconducting Quantum Processors: A variety of architectures with different connectivity and native gate sets, including an 8-qubit transmon ring with high-fidelity gates (99% for two-qubit gates) and a novel QPU under development.

Testbed User Program

• AQT encourages research proposals from diverse teams, including academia, industry, and National Laboratories.
• Users gain full low-level access to AQT's hardware and software, contributing to the platform's development and sharing results.
• In FY20-21, over half of the user projects were collaborations with National Lab groups.
• Industry partners such as Quantum Benchmark/Keysight Technologies and Super.tech have participated in the program, publishing joint research.

Science Highlights

AQT has enabled several significant scientific advances:

• High-fidelity iToffoli Gate: Demonstrated the first experimental high-fidelity (98%) iToffoli gate using simultaneous microwave excitation.
• Error Characterization in Qutrits: Developed benchmarking tools for qutrit-based processors to evaluate circuit fidelity.
• Improving QITE Algorithm Accuracy: Extended randomized compiling to the QITE algorithm and introduced a scalable error mitigation strategy.
• Optimized Fermionic SWAP Networks: Validated efficient execution of fermionic SWAP networks using AQT's platform.
• Error Mitigation Through Randomized Compiling: Demonstrated the effectiveness of RC in suppressing coherent errors and improving quantum algorithm fidelity.
• Efficiently Improving NISQ Hardware Performance: Validated error mitigation protocols like Noiseless Output Extrapolation and Pauli Error Cancellation, achieving up to 86% improvement in circuit performance.

Building the Quantum Workforce

• AQT offers educational and training opportunities for students and postdocs, integrating them into the broader quantum research community.
• It hosts undergraduate students for extended thesis projects and provides a training environment for graduate students and postdocs in quantum hardware and software development.
• Alumni have taken positions in prestigious institutions and companies, including Google, Yale Quantum Institute, and others.

Contact Information

• Website: aqt.1bl.gov
• Email: aqt@lbl.gov

Conclusion

AQT is a vital resource for advancing quantum computing through collaborative research, scientific innovation, and workforce development. Its open-access model and robust infrastructure support the next generation of quantum scientists and engineers, making it a key player in the growing quantum information science (QIS) community.