国际清算银行-功能性中央银行数字货币（CBDC）架构的高级技术要求（英）-2023.12-20页_319kb

Summary of BIS CGIDE Report on High-Level Technical Requirements for a Functional CBDC Architecture

This report, published by the BIS Consultative Group on Innovation and the Digital Economy (CGIDE) in December 2023, outlines high-level technical requirements for a retail central bank digital currency (CBDC) proof-of-concept architecture. The CGIDE, comprising central banks in the Americas, focuses on fostering collaboration to address technological challenges in digital currency innovation.

Key policy objectives supported by CBDCs include promoting financial inclusion, increasing efficiency and competition in financial systems, and enhancing interoperability with existing payment infrastructures. These aims help bridge gaps for unbanked populations, reduce costs, and enable seamless interactions.

The technical requirements are categorized into five main groups:

1. Modular Design with Layered Infrastructure: Emphasizes a balance-keeping layer for creating, managing, and destroying CBDCs, allowing for fungible tokens (e.g., currency units) and non-fungible tokens (e.g., for specific use cases). Requires scalable databases, connectivity to existing payment systems, and APIs for consent, payment initiation, and data sharing to support open finance and interoperability.

2. Core Functions: Centers on centralized issuance and destruction of CBDCs, payment initiation via APIs to simplify transactions and enable access to other financial services, and programmability for features like PvP (payment versus payment) and DvP (delivery versus payment) settlements.

3. Operational Requirements: Focuses on scalability to handle high transaction volumes efficiently, user-friendly experiences (e.g., simple onboarding and offline capabilities), and an attribute function matrix to define system capabilities, ensuring it is dynamic and controllable by central banks.

4. Cyber Resilience Requirements: Prioritizes robust security measures, including encryption, data confidentiality, technological independence within modules (allowing easy updates without system-wide disruption), and mechanisms for auditing transactions to protect integrity and prevent cyber threats.

5. Third-Party Services Requirements: Advocates for an open architecture enabling clear interactions with external providers, such as financial intermediaries or fintech firms, for services like payment initiation and information sharing, under regulatory safeguards.

Initial priority is on programmability, clearing, and settlement features, with other aspects like cross-border functionality and risk management addressed in a later project phase scheduled for 2024. The CGIDE's approach draws on experiences from pilot projects and international collaborations, underscoring the need for a flexible, modular design to accommodate evolving policy and technological needs while maintaining user trust and security. This report serves as a foundational reference for central banks exploring CBDC initiatives.