IPR-2019年社会虚假信息报告（英文）23页_10mb

2019 IPR Disinformation in Society Report Summary

Core Content

The 2019 Institute for Public Relations (IPR) "Disinformation in Society" study explores how Americans perceive and respond to the spread of deliberately misleading news or information. Conducted by Morning Consult from March 19–24, 2019, the survey involved 2,200 U.S. adults and covered topics such as the prevalence of disinformation, public trust in information sources, and the responsibility of various groups in combating disinformation.

Key Findings

1. Perception of Disinformation as a Major Problem

• 65% of Americans consider misinformation (false information spread without intent to mislead) a major problem.
• 63% consider disinformation (deliberately misleading or biased information) a major problem.
• These issues are ranked alongside terrorism (66%) and gun violence (63%) as major societal challenges.
• Health care costs (78%), illegal drug use/abuse (70%), and crime (69%) are seen as more pressing than disinformation.
• Age discrimination (32%), legal immigration (33%), and gender identity discrimination (34%) are considered the least serious.

2. Trust in Information Sources

• Family is the most trusted source of accurate news or information (31% trust "a lot").
• Friends (70%), people like me (72%), and local newspapers (74%) are also highly trusted.
• Mainstream media (e.g., The New York Times, The Washington Post, MSNBC) is more trusted than most social media platforms.
• Fox News is more trusted by Republicans (47%) than Democrats (46%).
• President Barack Obama is seen as more trustworthy than President Donald Trump (80% vs. 51%).

3. Responsibility for Spreading and Combating Disinformation

• Fake social media accounts (55%), politicians (45%), and President Trump (40%) are the top sources blamed for spreading disinformation.
• Republicans are more likely to trust President Trump (78%) than Democrats (22%).
• Democrats are more likely to trust mainstream media sources (e.g., The New York Times, The Washington Post) than Republicans.
• President Trump, the U.S. government, and Congress are seen as most responsible for combating disinformation.
• People like me, the Supreme Court, and fact-checking websites are most credited for efforts to combat disinformation.
• Local newspapers, TV stations, and radio news are also seen as effective, while CEOs and celebrities are considered the least effective.

4. Exposure to False Information

• 78% of Americans encounter false or misleading information at least once a week.
• 51% see it every day or almost every day.
• 47% regularly check other sources to verify the accuracy of news and information.
• Younger adults (18–34), high-income adults (>$100k), and men are more likely to verify information.

5. Confidence in Recognizing False Information

• 80% of Americans feel at least somewhat confident in their ability to recognize false or misleading information.
• 28% are very confident, and 52% are somewhat confident.
• 12% are not very confident, and 2% are not at all confident.
• Higher-income adults, Democrats, and men are more confident in their ability to detect false information.

Summary of Major Trends

• Disinformation is perceived as a significant societal issue, though not as urgent as health care costs or illegal drug use.
• There is a clear political divide in trust and perception of disinformation.
• Social media platforms (especially Facebook) are seen as major contributors to disinformation.
• Mainstream media is generally trusted more than social media.
• Individuals are more likely to believe they can detect false information than celebrities or CEOs.
• Verification of news is common, with 47% of Americans regularly checking alternative sources.

Methodology

• The study was conducted online by Morning Consult with a national sample of 2,200 adults.
• Data were weighted to reflect demographics: age, education, gender, race, and region.
• The margin of error is ±2 percentage points.
• The full report and charts can be accessed at instituteforpr.org/ijr-disinformation-study.

Conclusion

The 2019 IPR study highlights a growing concern among Americans about the spread of disinformation in society. While there is a general agreement that false information is a problem, political affiliations significantly influence perceptions of trust, responsibility, and effectiveness in combating disinformation. The public largely trusts family, friends, and local media as reliable sources, while social media platforms and celebrities are viewed with skepticism. Americans are increasingly aware of the need to verify information and believe that individuals, the Supreme Court, and fact-checking websites are the most effective in addressing disinformation.