2016年-世界发展银行全球_Doing_Business_Regional_Profile_2016___Middle_East_and_North_Africa_100页_1mb

Summary of "Doing Business 2016: Measuring Regulatory Quality and Efficiency - Middle East and North Africa (MENA)"

Core Content

The Doing Business 2016 report provides a comprehensive assessment of regulatory quality and efficiency in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, focusing on 10 key areas that affect the life cycle of a small to medium-sized business. These include: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. The report also includes data on the regional average and best global performance for each indicator, and presents the methodology used for data collection and analysis.

The report is published by the World Bank and aims to help policymakers understand the regulatory environment and identify areas for reform. It is based on data collected up to June 1, 2015, except for the paying taxes indicators, which cover January–December 2014. The data is available in both a distance to frontier score (ranging from 0 to 100) and an ease of doing business ranking (from 1 to 189).

Main Points and Key Information

1. Methodology Changes in 2016

• Five indicators were expanded: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, and labor market regulation.
• One indicator (trading across borders) underwent substantial revisions.
• Another indicator (protecting minority investors) received small updates, including a shift in focus to limited companies instead of privately held joint stock companies.

2. Ease of Doing Business Ranking and Distance to Frontier Score

• The ranking measures how easy it is to run a business in an economy, relative to others.
• The distance to frontier score measures how far an economy is from the best regulatory practices, in absolute terms.
• The report does not include labor market regulation in the aggregate ease of doing business ranking or distance to frontier score.

3. Regional Performance Overview

4. Key Areas of Focus

• Starting a Business: The process involves multiple procedures, time, and cost. The report highlights the importance of simplifying registration and reducing barriers to entry.
• Dealing with Construction Permits: The number of procedures, time, and cost are measured. The report adds a new index for building regulation quality and implementation.
• Getting Electricity: The report now includes the price of electricity consumption and an index for the reliability of supply and tariff transparency.
• Registering Property: It includes the quality of land administration systems, in addition to the number of procedures, time, and cost.
• Getting Credit: The report includes measures of legal rights, depth of credit information, and credit bureau coverage.
• Protecting Minority Investors: The report measures the extent of conflict of interest regulation and shareholder governance.
• Paying Taxes: It includes the number of payments, time, and total tax rate. The best performance is seen in the United Arab Emirates.
• Trading Across Borders: The report measures the time and cost for exporting and importing, with a focus on border and documentary compliance.
• Enforcing Contracts: The report now includes an index for the quality and efficiency of judicial processes.
• Resolving Insolvency: It measures recovery rate, time, and cost.

5. Regional Insights

• The MENA region generally performs worse than comparator regions such as Latin America, East Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, South Asia, and OECD high-income economies.
• The United Arab Emirates stands out as the best performer in several indicators, including starting a business, getting electricity, and paying taxes.
• Djibouti is the worst performer in most indicators, particularly in starting a business, dealing with construction permits, and paying taxes.
• The average performance in the region is moderate, with many economies still facing significant regulatory challenges.

6. Limitations of the Report

• The report does not directly measure factors such as proximity to large markets, infrastructure quality, property security, government procurement transparency, macroeconomic conditions, or institutional strength.
• The indicators are based on a standardized business model, typically a limited liability company located in the largest business city, with 10–50 employees and 100% domestic ownership.

7. Purpose of the Report

• To help policymakers identify regulatory reforms that can improve the business environment.
• To provide quantitative indicators that can be used to compare regulatory quality and efficiency across economies.
• To offer insights into economic outcomes and the impact of reforms on business operations.

8. Access to Full Report

• The full report, including detailed data notes and methodology, is available on the Doing Business website.
• The report is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO.
• The ISBNs and DOI are provided for reference.