2018-灾后快速评估_汤加（英文版）-6mb

Summary of Post-Disaster Rapid Assessment of Tropical Cyclone Gita in Tonga

Core Content

This document presents a Post-Disaster Rapid Assessment (PDRA) conducted by the Government of Tonga, supported by the ACP-EU Natural Disaster Risk Reduction Program and other international partners, to evaluate the impacts of Tropical Cyclone Gita on Tonga in February 2018. It outlines the economic and social damage, recovery needs, and outlines a way forward for disaster risk management and resilience-building.

Main Points

1. Executive Summary

• Impact of TC Gita: The cyclone struck Tongatapu and 'Eua on February 12, 2018, with wind speeds up to 195 kph and a storm surge of 1 m above normal levels, causing significant damage.
• Population Affected: Approximately 80,000 people (around 75% of Tonga’s population) were impacted.
• Damage and Losses: Total estimated economic damage is T$208.8 million (US$96.2 million), and total losses are T$147.3 million (US$67.9 million), summing to T$356.1 million (US$164.1 million).
• Sectoral Breakdown:
  • Housing: Highest damage (T$111.6 million) and losses (T$0.02 million).
  • Agriculture: Largest losses (T$92.38 million).
  • Tourism: High damage (T$26.3 million).
  • Education and Health: Moderate damage and losses.
  • Infrastructure: Significant damage in energy, transport, and water and sanitation sectors.

2. Economic and Social Impacts

• Macroeconomic Impact:
  • GDP growth is expected to slow to 0.3% in FY2017/18 and rebound to 3.9% in FY2018/19.
  • The government will face increased fiscal needs due to recovery and reconstruction, potentially up to 6% of GDP annually for three years.
  • Imports are expected to rise, and agricultural exports will likely decline in the short term.
• Social Impact:
  • The cyclone affected livelihoods, employment, and food production.
  • Vulnerable groups, including the elderly and people with disabilities, were supported through one-time top-up payments under social protection programs.
  • Over 3,500 beneficiaries received emergency assistance totaling T$800,000.

3. Recovery and Reconstruction Needs

• Total Recovery Needs: T$326.8 million (US$150.6 million).
• Breakdown by Recovery Phase:
  • Immediate Recovery (2018): T$73.0 million (US$33.7 million).
  • Short-Term Recovery (FY2018/19): T$95.4 million (US$43.0 million).
  • Medium-Term Recovery (FY2019/20–FY2020/21): T$158.3 million (US$72.9 million).
• Key Sectors:
  • Productive Sectors: Agriculture, commerce and industry, tourism.
  • Social Sectors: Housing, education, health.
  • Infrastructure Sectors: Energy, transport, water and sanitation.

4. Way Forward

• Disaster Recovery Framework (DRF): A central vision for recovery, including guiding principles and institutional arrangements, is needed.
• Prioritization of Recovery Needs: Based on the potential for humanitarian impact, inclusiveness, and restoration of critical infrastructure.
• Collaboration: The recovery program will require close cooperation with international donors, the private sector, civil society, and communities.

Key Information

• Government Response: The government declared a State of Emergency preemptively, leading to evacuation, shelter activation, and curfews.
• Humanitarian Clusters: 10 clusters were activated, including shelter, education, WASH, food security, and infrastructure.
• Challenges:
  • Limited government capacity and resources.
  • Need for efficient implementation and funding mobilization.
  • Impact on vulnerable groups and small-scale farming.
• Donor and Insurance Support: Donor contributions and insurance payouts have played a key role in funding the emergency response, estimated at T$23 million.

Conclusion

Tropical Cyclone Gita caused extensive damage and losses across Tonga, particularly in housing, agriculture, and tourism. The recovery and reconstruction needs are substantial, requiring coordinated efforts and strategic prioritization. The development of a disaster recovery framework is essential to ensure a resilient and sustainable recovery process.