2017年-数据局_谷歌：无人车重磅报告《通往完全自动驾驶之路》_43页_7mb

Waymo Safety Report Summary

Core Content

Waymo's Safety Report outlines the company's mission to bring fully self-driving technology to the world, emphasizing safety as the central pillar of its operations. The report details the development, testing, and deployment of self-driving vehicles, highlighting how these technologies can improve road safety and mobility for millions of people.

Main Points

• Mission and Vision: Waymo's mission is to improve mobility and save lives by developing safe self-driving technology. The report underscores the belief that human error is responsible for 94% of U.S. crashes, and that fully self-driving vehicles can reduce these incidents.

• Safety by Design: Waymo's approach to safety is integrated from the beginning of the development process, ensuring that all system levels and stages are considered. This includes functional analysis, simulation tools, and on-road testing to validate safety requirements.

• Operational Design Domain (ODD): Waymo's self-driving vehicles operate within specific conditions, such as certain geographies, weather, and road types. The system is designed to ensure that vehicles do not operate outside of their approved ODD and can safely stop in the event of environmental or technological changes.

• Minimal Risk Condition (Fallback): The system includes redundant and backup systems for critical functions like computing, braking, and steering. These systems are designed to take over in case of failure and bring the vehicle to a safe stop.

• Testing and Validation: Waymo conducts extensive testing on public roads, closed courses, and in simulation to ensure the safety and reliability of its self-driving vehicles. The testing includes behavioral competencies, crash avoidance capabilities, and hardware reliability.

• Interacting with the Public: Waymo aims to provide a safe and comfortable experience for passengers and ensure that its vehicles can interact safely with law enforcement and first responders in emergencies.

Key Safety Features

• Redundant Systems: Waymo vehicles are equipped with backup computing, braking, steering, and power systems to ensure safe operation in case of failure.
• Complementary Sensors: A combination of LiDAR, vision, and radar systems provides comprehensive environmental awareness.
• Data-Driven Safety: The company uses real-world driving data and simulated environments to improve and validate its technology.

Safety Processes

Waymo's safety processes involve identifying hazard scenarios, developing mitigations, and verifying that safety risks are minimized. These processes are informed by hazard assessments, including preliminary hazard analysis, fault tree analysis, and DFMEA. The continuous testing and validation ensure that the self-driving system is ready for public deployment.

Safety by Design Approach

• Behavioral Safety: Ensures vehicles follow traffic rules and handle both expected and unexpected scenarios.
• Functional Safety: Involves backup systems and redundancies to handle system faults or failures.
• Crash Safety: Focuses on protecting passengers through structural design and safety features like airbags and seat restraints.
• Operational Safety: Ensures a safe and comfortable passenger experience, including intuitive user interfaces and safe route planning.
• Non-Collision Safety: Addresses potential hazards to all individuals interacting with the vehicle, including bystanders and first responders.

Testing and Validation

• Base Vehicle Safety: Ensures the vehicle meets all necessary safety standards before deployment.
• Self-Driving Hardware and Software Testing: Involves rigorous testing of all components to ensure they function safely when integrated.
• Behavioral Competencies: Tests the vehicle's ability to handle normal driving scenarios and predict the behavior of other road users.
• Crash Avoidance Testing: Evaluates the system's ability to prevent or mitigate collisions.
• Hardware Reliability Testing: Ensures that the vehicle's hardware can withstand long-term use and environmental challenges.

Conclusion

Waymo's Safety Report highlights the company's commitment to safety and its progress in developing fully self-driving vehicles. The report emphasizes the importance of a comprehensive safety program, robust testing methods, and a clear operational design domain to ensure that self-driving vehicles are safe, reliable, and ready for public use. The ultimate goal is to provide a safer and more accessible transportation experience for all.