WAYMO-通往完全自动驾驶之路（英文）-43页-7mb

报告摘要

Waymo Safety Report Summary

Core Content

Waymo's Safety Report outlines its mission to bring fully self-driving technology to the world, aiming to improve road safety and mobility. The report emphasizes the importance of safety in the development, testing, and deployment of self-driving vehicles, highlighting the company's long-term commitment to this goal.

Main Points

Mission and Vision: Waymo's mission is to make self-driving technology safe and accessible, reducing traffic-related deaths and injuries.
Human Error and Safety Need: Over 94% of U.S. crashes involve human error, and Waymo believes its technology can save thousands of lives by eliminating this factor.
Safety by Design: Safety is integrated into every stage of development, from design to testing and validation. This multi-layered approach draws on best practices from aerospace, automotive, and defense industries.
Operational Design Domain (ODD): Waymo's self-driving vehicles operate within specific conditions, including geography, weather, time of day, and traffic laws. The company aims to expand its ODD to cover a wide range of everyday driving scenarios.
Minimal Risk Condition (Fallback): In case of system failure or unsafe conditions, Waymo's vehicles are designed to transition to a safe stop, ensuring passenger safety.
Redundant Safety-Critical Systems: Waymo has implemented backup systems for computing, braking, steering, power, and collision detection to ensure robustness and reliability.
Testing and Validation: The company conducts extensive testing on public roads, closed courses, and in simulation to ensure safety and performance. This includes behavioral safety, functional safety, crash safety, operational safety, and non-collision safety.

Key Safety Features

Sensor Suite: Waymo's vehicles use a combination of LiDAR, vision, and radar systems to create a detailed 3D view of the environment, enabling safe navigation.
Self-Driving Software: The software includes perception, behavior prediction, and planning components, allowing the vehicle to understand and respond to its surroundings effectively.
Safety Processes: Waymo uses hazard analysis, fault tree analysis, and Design Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (DFMEA) to identify and mitigate risks. These processes are continuous and support ongoing engineering and testing activities.

Testing and Validation Methods

Public Road Testing: Waymo has accumulated over 3.5 million miles of on-road driving experience, which is used to refine its technology and ensure safety.
Simulated Driving: The company uses billions of miles of simulated driving to test various scenarios and improve its system's performance.
Behavioral Competencies: Testing focuses on the vehicle's ability to handle normal driving situations and avoid or mitigate common crash scenarios.
Compliance with Regulations: Waymo's system is designed to comply with federal, state, and local laws, and any changes are integrated into the safety framework.

Interacting Safely with the Public

Rider Experience: Waymo ensures a safe and comfortable experience for passengers through user interface design, including destination selection and emergency contact features.
Accessibility: The company aims to improve mobility for individuals who cannot drive, such as the elderly and visually impaired.
Emergency Response: Waymo's vehicles are designed to interact safely with law enforcement and first responders, and to handle emergencies effectively.

Conclusion

Waymo's Safety Report highlights its comprehensive approach to safety in the development of fully self-driving vehicles. By integrating safety into every aspect of the system, conducting extensive testing, and ensuring compliance with regulations, Waymo is working to make self-driving technology a safe and reliable solution for the future of transportation.

Key Statistics

94% of U.S. crashes involve human error.
1.2 million lives are lost worldwide due to traffic crashes.
37,461 road deaths in the U.S. in 2016.
$594 billion in harm from loss of life and injury each year.
$277 billion in annual economic costs due to vehicle crashes.
$160 billion in gas burned and time lost annually.

Appendix Highlights

Scenario Types: The report includes various scenarios used for testing and validation, covering both common and rare events.
Basic Behavioral Competency Testing: This involves testing the vehicle's ability to handle typical driving situations.
Avoidance or Mitigation of Common Crash Scenarios: Testing focuses on preventing or minimizing the impact of common crash situations.