2021-12-15-世界卫生组织-Tobacco_Mozambique_2021_country_profile_10页_337kb

Mozambique Tobacco Control Summary (WHO 2021)

Commitment & Data Collection

• Signed the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) on 18 June 2003, ratified on 14 July 2017.
• No nationally representative tobacco use surveys for adults in the last 5 years; only data from surveys years earlier or estimated age-standardized prevalence (2019: 14.6% overall prevalence, 22.9% male, 6.3% female).
• No national tobacco control budget or dedicated agency, though some expenses might be covered partially by health insurance/the national health service for cessation or regulations.
• No data collected on treatment effectiveness or media campaigns per the report period (2018-2020).

MPOWER Measures

1. MONITORING (Score: N/A)

• No nationally representative surveys since 2014 for adults or 2015 for adolescents.

2. SMoke-free Environments (Score: 5/10)

• Indoor offices/workplaces: Complete ban.
• Restaurants/Cafés/ Bars: Complete ban.
• Public transport: Complete ban.
• All other public places: Specific places where smoking is banned ("all other public places").
• Retail tobacco sale spaces: Fines required for non-compliance.
• Permitting sub-national authorities to implement regulations is not permitted.

3. CESSATION PROGRAMMES (Score: N/A)

• Quit line/ help line: Yes, but not toll-free.
• Treatment: Some services exist (health clinics offer partially, hospitals partially, government facilities partially) and NRT products exist but may not be legally sold or fully cost-covered. Eligibility is unclear.

4. HEALTH WARNINGS (Compliance Score average 28.5%)

• Packages: Health warnings required, covering 28-30% front, 25-28% rear, using standard text, and including images/graphics/phrases prohibiting misleading terms (e.g., light, low-tar) and descriptors (e.g., flavour indicators, emission yields). Warnings are not plain.
• No: Bans on expiry dates, mandatory health information in smoking sections, specific quit line numbers, rotation, liability waiver discussions, or prohibiting misleading advertising descriptors.

5. MASS MEDIA (Not conducted per reporting period)

• No anti-tobacco national mass media campaigns reported in 2018-2020. A WHO-supported campaign (annual, July 1-June 30) exists but is separate from the reported "national" campaign period.

6. ADVERTISING BANS (Compliance Score: N/A for 2020)

• Direct: Comprehensive bans on TV/Radio/Print. No point-of-sale advertising or internet advertising bans. Compliance score 5/10, fines required.
• Indirect: Protection against free distribution, discounts, brand-name identification, flavour depiction, product placement, and media promotions. Compulsory pre-broadcast anti-smoking ads exist. Compliance score 4/10 for broadcast and promotion/sponsorship, fines required. No machine/vending machine/internet sales bans.

7. TAXATION (Compliance Score: High for tobacco, Score for affordability N/A)

• Tobacco Taxes: High average tax rate (~28.5%. Text data, chart unclear exact rate) and specific excises.
• Affordability: Requires substantial GDP per capita (~19.22%) for 100 packs. Compared to suboptimal affordability typically associated with low-income countries.
• Trends: Cigarette affordability decreased marginally between 2010-2020 (Malawi bar data seems misplaced, likely typo).
• E-cig: No tax data.
• Health Tax Use: No earmarked revenue reported for health.

Conclusions

• Committed to the WHO FCTC.
• High tobacco tax rates are ineffective at increasing prices (cigarettes become less affordable over time) likely due to low GDP per capita.
• Meets basic MPOWER requirements in taxation and direct advertising bans (Compliance Scores: High for tax, 5/10 for direct, 4/10 for indirect) but lacks comprehensive smoke-free legislation, cessation services, plain packaging requirements, and clear mass media campaigns.