2006-12-31-世界卫生组织-2007_GYTS_Fact_Sheet_Ecuador_Guayaquil_1页_35kb

Ecuador - Guayaquil (Ages 13-15) Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) Summary

Core Content

The Ecuador-Guayaquil Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) conducted in 2007 provides a comprehensive overview of tobacco use among students aged 13-15. The survey aimed to assess the prevalence of cigarette and other tobacco use, as well as identify key determinants influencing tobacco consumption, such as access, secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, cessation attempts, media influence, and school education.

The survey employed a two-stage cluster sampling design, ensuring a representative sample of the population. Schools were selected based on enrollment size, and classes were randomly chosen. The response rates were high, with 100% school and class response and 89.9% student response, resulting in a total of 1,565 participants.

Key Findings

Prevalence of Tobacco Use

• 32.3% of students had ever smoked cigarettes.
• 20.4% currently use any tobacco product.
  • Boys: 23.1%
  • Girls: 16.8%
• 12.2% currently smoke cigarettes.
  • Boys: 13.6%
  • Girls: 9.7%
• 11.8% currently use other tobacco products.
  • Boys: 13.9%
  • Girls: 9.4%
• 19.2% of never smokers are likely to initiate smoking in the next year.

Knowledge and Attitudes

• 13.2% of students think boys who smoke have more friends.
• 21.1% of students think girls who smoke have more friends.
• 10.0% of students think boys who smoke look more attractive.
• 8.5% of students think girls who smoke look more attractive.

Access and Availability

• 24.9% of current smokers usually smoke at home.
• 31.3% buy cigarettes in a store.
• 57.1% of students who bought cigarettes in a store were not refused due to their age.

Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (SHS)

• 28.3% live in homes where others smoke in their presence.
• 41.6% are exposed to secondhand smoke in public places outside their home.
• 30.2% have one or more parents who smoke.
• 12.3% have most or all friends who smoke.
• 69.8% believe that smoke from others is harmful to them.
• 87.3% think smoking should be banned in public places.

Cessation Attempts

• 54.4% of current smokers want to stop smoking.
• 55.5% have tried to stop smoking in the past year.
• 74.9% have ever received help to quit smoking.

Media and Advertising

• 84.0% have seen anti-smoking media messages in the past 30 days.
• 76.4% have seen pro-cigarette ads on billboards in the past 30 days.
• 75.9% have seen pro-cigarette ads in newspapers or magazines in the past 30 days.
• 13.6% have an object with a cigarette brand logo.
• 16.9% were offered free cigarettes by a tobacco company representative.

School Curriculum

• 65.5% had been taught about the dangers of smoking in the past year.
• 26.3% had discussed reasons for smoking among their peers in class.
• 54.1% had been taught about the effects of tobacco use in the past year.

Main Points and Recommendations

• Tobacco use is significant among youth in Guayaquil, with nearly one in five currently smoking cigarettes and 12.2% using other tobacco products.
• High exposure to SHS is observed, indicating a need for stronger smoke-free policies and education.
• Strong public support for smoking bans in public places, with 87.3% of students in favor.
• Media plays a dual role, with anti-smoking messages being widely seen, but pro-cigarette advertising also being prevalent.
• School-based education is a critical component, as 65.5% and 54.1% of students received information on the dangers and effects of smoking.
• Cessation efforts are notable, with over half of current smokers expressing a desire to quit and 55.5% having attempted to stop in the past year.
• Marketing tactics such as free cigarette offers remain a concern, with 16.9% of students being offered cigarettes by tobacco company representatives.

Conclusion

The GYTS highlights the prevalence of tobacco use and the influence of various determinants on youth smoking behavior in Guayaquil. The data underscores the importance of combating tobacco marketing, implementing effective SHS policies, and enhancing school-based tobacco education to reduce smoking rates and prevent initiation among youth.