ITF-2020年道路安全年度报告（英文）-2021.4-65页_1mb

2020 Road Safety Annual Report Summary

Core Content

The 2020 Road Safety Annual Report presents road safety data from 42 IRTAD member and observer countries, highlighting trends, strategies, and key factors affecting road mortality. The report serves as a comparative resource for main road safety indicators and includes detailed country profiles.

Main Road Safety Indicators

• Road Deaths: The number of road fatalities dropped significantly during the early months of 2020 due to lockdown measures from the Covid-19 pandemic, with some countries seeing a reduction of up to 80%.
• Traffic Volume: Traffic volume also declined during the lockdown, with some countries reporting a decrease of 75% or more.
• Long-Term Trends (2010-2018):
  • Overall, the number of road deaths decreased by 6.9%.
  • Slovenia, Ireland, Lithuania saw the largest reductions, with drops of 53%, 52%, and 50%, respectively.
  • Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium experienced increases in road deaths, but this is attributed to small population sizes and the inclusion of unvalidated data.

Road Safety Performance by Country

• Top Performers: Norway, Switzerland, the UK, Ireland, and Denmark recorded the lowest mortality rates (≤3 per 100,000 population).
• High-Risk Countries: Chile, the US, Argentina, and Colombia had higher mortality rates, with Chile at 13.6 per 100,000.
• Fatality Rates per Vehicle:
  • Norway, Switzerland, Japan, UK had the lowest fatality rates at <0.5 per 10,000 vehicles.
  • Czech Republic and Korea had the highest rates at 11.6 and 11.7 per billion vehicle-kilometres, respectively.
• Fatality Rates per Kilometre:
  • Norway had the lowest rate at 2.3 per billion vehicle-kilometres.
  • Czech Republic and Korea had the highest rates at 11.6 and 11.7 per billion vehicle-kilometres.

Road Users

• Vehicle Occupants: The number of car occupants killed decreased by 14% on average between 2010 and 2018, with significant reductions in Denmark, Ireland, Greece, and Norway.
• Pedestrians: The number of pedestrians killed fell slightly between 2010 and 2018, but this was largely offset by a 46% increase in the US.
• Cyclists: The number of cyclists killed decreased by 5.4% on average, with notable reductions in Lithuania, New Zealand, and Slovenia.
• Motorcyclists: The number of motorcyclists killed decreased by 9% on average, with the largest reductions in Greece, Norway, Japan, and Korea.
• Covid-19 Impact: The pandemic led to a significant drop in road deaths, but some countries saw an increase in crash severity and speed due to changes in traffic composition and driving behavior.

Key Factors Influencing Road Safety

• Demographics: An aging population has increased the proportion of older road users in traffic fatalities.
• Distraction: Mobile phone use is a growing cause of distraction for all road users.
• Speeding and Alcohol: Both are major contributors to fatal crashes, with 15% to 35% of fatal crashes involving speeding and 10% to 30% involving alcohol.
• New Mobility Forms: E-scooters and e-bikes are introducing new safety challenges.
• Exposure Data: Changes in exposure (e.g., number of trips) are critical for interpreting safety trends, as they can affect the percentage changes observed.

Road Safety Strategies and Legislation

• The Stockholm Declaration (2020) set a goal to reduce road deaths by 50% by 2030.
• The IRTAD Group plays a central role in collecting and analyzing road safety data, with 80 members and observers.
• Speed Limits: Many countries have adopted 30 km/h speed limits on mixed-use roads.
• Seatbelt Laws: Seatbelt wearing rates in front and rear seats are generally high, with New Zealand and Australia leading in compliance.
• Helmet Laws: Countries like Iceland, New Zealand, and the UK have high helmet wearing rates among motorcycle riders.

Summary of Key Figures and Tables

• Figure 1: Shows the aggregate evolution of road deaths in IRTAD countries from 2010 to 2018.
• Figure 2: Displays the percentage change in road deaths from 2010 to 2018.
• Figure 3: Compares road fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants from 2000 to 2019.
• Figure 4: Shows road fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants in 2019.
• Figure 5: Compares road fatalities per 10,000 registered vehicles in 2018.
• Figure 6: Displays road fatalities per billion vehicle-kilometres in 2018.
• Figure 7: Shows the percentage change in car occupant fatalities from 2010 to 2018.
• Figure 8: Compares pedestrian fatalities from 2010 to 2018.
• Figure 9: Shows the percentage change in cyclist fatalities from 2010 to 2018.
• Figure 10: Compares fatalities among powered two-wheeler riders from 2010 to 2018.
• Figure 11: Compares road deaths by age group and road user category to the global average from 2010 to 2018.
• Table 1: Compares road deaths and traffic in April 2020 to April 2019.
• Table 2: Road fatality data for 2019 compared to 2018.
• Table 3: Road fatality trends from 2010 to 2019.
• Table 4: Road fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants, per billion vehicle-kilometres, and per 10,000 registered motor vehicles.
• Table 5: Fatality risk on motorways compared to other roads in 2018.
• Table 6: Road safety strategies and targets.
• Table 7: National speed limits in 2020.
• Table 8: Maximum authorised blood alcohol content in 2020.
• Table 9: Seatbelt laws and wearing rates in 2019.
• Table 10: Helmet laws and wearing rates in 2019.

Conclusion

The report highlights the positive impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on reducing road deaths, but also notes the challenges of interpreting data due to changes in traffic behavior and exposure. It underscores the importance of global road safety strategies, legislation, and data collection in improving road safety outcomes. The IRTAD Group continues to play a crucial role in providing empirical data for international comparisons and policy development.