UNDP-城市风险管理和恢复力战略（英）-2021-56页_6mb

报告摘要

Summary of URBAN RISK MANAGEMENT AND RESILIENCE STRATEGY by UNDP

Core Content

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has developed a comprehensive Urban Risk Management and Resilience Strategy to address the growing challenges of urban areas, particularly small and medium-sized cities in low-income, lower-middle-income and least developed countries as well as Small Island Developing States (SIDS). The strategy outlines a multi-dimensional approach to building urban resilience, focusing on five strategic priorities to ensure that no one is left behind in the pursuit of sustainable development.

Main Objectives

The strategy aims to:

Strengthen the capacity of cities to reduce multiple risks and protect development gains.
Create resilient urban societies that are safe, inclusive, and prosperous.
Lay the foundations for sustainable development in an increasingly urbanized world.
Support risk-informed development planning and innovation in urban resilience.

Key Points

1. Urban Resilience: Background and Context

Urban resilience has gained prominence as a core pillar of sustainable development, especially in the context of the climate crisis and increasing disaster risk.
By 2050, the global urban population is expected to grow from 3.5 billion to 5 billion, with 79% of urban centers in SIDS being small (under 1 million inhabitants).
Systemic risks are becoming more frequent and severe due to complex hazards, shocks, and crises, often amplified by uneven and inequitable urban development.
Cities are open systems with inputs, processes, outputs, resource flows, and assets, and they are influenced by complex feedback mechanisms.

2. Strategic Priorities

The strategy outlines five key priorities:

Prioritize locations with the greatest capacity gaps in urban resilience.
Enhance stakeholder engagement to strengthen urban governance.
Target marginalized communities to ensure more equitable urban resilience.
Strengthen risk-informed development planning and investments to protect development gains.
Support the application and adoption of new technologies and innovation to secure resilient urban futures.

3. Challenges in Urban Resilience

Small and medium cities face greater development challenges and complex risks, yet have limited financial and human capacity to address them.
Rapid, uneven, and inequitable urban development exacerbates risks and undermines resilience.
Systemic risks are increasing, with one or more hazards triggering cascading impacts that can lead to the failure of urban systems.
Lack of comprehensive risk analysis and actionable risk information hinders risk-informed development.
Inadequate infrastructure and basic services in informal settlements increase health and safety risks.
Poor urban planning can lead to loss of cultural heritage, community instability, and increased vulnerability.
Inequalities have been widened by the COVID-19 pandemic, with low-income and marginalized groups facing higher exposure and disproportionate impacts.

4. Urban Resilience Frameworks and Tools

Several frameworks and tools have been developed to support urban resilience:

City Resilience Index (CRI): A tool developed by Arup with support from the Rockefeller Foundation, comprising 52 outcome indicators across four categories.
World Bank's Systems-Level Urban Resilience Framework: Identifies five characteristics (robustness, inclusion, coordination, reflectiveness, and redundancy) for designing interventions.
UN-Habitat City Resilience Action Planning (CityRAP): A tool with five pillars of resilience: urban governance, urban planning and environment, resilient infrastructure and basic services, urban economy and society, and urban disaster risk management.
Doughnut Economic Framework: Provides a snapshot of cities in relation to ecological ceilings and social wellbeing.
Making Cities Resilient 2030 (MCR2030): A global campaign aimed at building resilience in cities.
TP4D Alliance: A joint initiative by OECD, UNCDF, and other organizations, promoting a territorial approach to development based on eight principles.

5. How UNDP Will Achieve Strategic Priorities

Cross-practice and thematic team engagement at the global, regional, and country levels.
Strategic partnerships with international and regional development partners and stakeholders.
Systematic exchange of best practices and knowledge.
Integrated urban resilience policy and programmatic solutions to address multiple risks.

Conclusion

This strategy emphasizes the importance of a systems approach to urban resilience, integrating risk management with development planning, governance, and innovation. It recognizes the unique challenges and opportunities of small and medium cities, particularly in the context of climate change, inequality, and systemic risks. The ultimate goal is to ensure that all urban residents, especially the most vulnerable, benefit from resilient and sustainable urban development.