2021-12-29-布鲁金斯学会-投资城市恢复力的新气候金融框架（英）_53页_15mb

Summary of Report: How a New Climate Finance Framework Can Shift the U.S. Approach to Investing in Urban Resilience

Executive Summary

• The U.S. faces escalating climate risks in urban infrastructure, with current investments being slow, uneven, and fragmented.
• Urban resilience involves reducing climate risks and costs while increasing environmental and economic benefits across transportation, water, and real estate sectors.
• Financial markets can play a key role in incentivizing and scaling resilient investments by addressing barriers like inconsistent data and reactive project delivery.
• A new climate finance framework is needed to define clear climate goals, improve measurement, disclose climate risks, and foster public-private partnerships.

Key Challenges

• Climate investment hurdles: Lack of consistent climate data, fragmented responsibilities, insufficient capital planning, reliance on cheaper traditional fixes, and inadequate proactive maintenance.
• Real estate sector issues: Diverse ownership and financing challenges lead to difficulties in measuring climate risks and implementing resilient designs across residential and commercial properties.
• Overall barriers: Insufficient public funding, lack of regulatory certainty, and limited climate-focused financial instruments hinder national-scale climate investment.

Proposed Solutions

• Improved measurement and data collection: Develop standardized climate metrics and integrate them into capital plans and asset management to prioritize resilient projects.
• Enhanced financing approaches: Utilize green bonds, impact investing, and outcomes-based financing to better price climate risks and benefits, ensuring affordability and equity.
• Scaling investments: Promote visible public platforms for resilient project collections, combine incentives ("carrots") with regulations ("sticks"), and involve diverse actors like insurers and rating agencies.
• Policy recommendations: Implement federal climate planning units, refine ESG investing standards, and ensure geographic and demographic equity in financial market activity.

Conclusion

• Addressing climate vulnerabilities in the built environment requires a coordinated, market-driven approach through a new climate finance framework.

• This shift can unlock trillions in investments, reduce risks, and enhance benefits for communities and regions, supporting long-term resilience and equity.

• The framework demands ongoing research, experimentation, and policy innovation to accelerate widespread climate action across the U.S.