《欧洲量子计算和量子模拟基础设施》白皮书发布-34页_529kb

Summary of EuroQCS Document

Core Content

EuroQCS (European Quantum Computing & Simulation Infrastructure) is a strategic initiative aimed at integrating quantum computing systems (QCS) with High Performance Computing (HPC) resources across Europe. The document outlines the current landscape of quantum computing and simulation, the development of QCS, and the vision for a unified infrastructure that supports both HPC and quantum technologies. It emphasizes the need for a collaborative, pan-European effort to build a sustainable quantum computing ecosystem, leveraging existing and future HPC systems and QCS platforms.

The document highlights that as traditional computing paradigms face limitations due to the end of Dennard Scaling and Moore's Law, quantum computing offers a promising avenue for solving complex computational problems. The integration of QCS into HPC systems is seen as a critical step towards realizing the full potential of quantum technologies and enhancing Europe's competitiveness in the global quantum market.

Main Views and Key Information

1. The Need for Integration

• Quantum Computing & Simulation (QCS) is a disruptive technology that can significantly enhance computational capabilities in various domains such as quantum chemistry, material science, and artificial intelligence.
• HPC and QCS integration is necessary to enable hybrid computations, where quantum devices act as accelerators for classical HPC systems.
• The successful integration of QCS into HPC requires a coordinated effort across three fundamental components: users and applications, software, and hardware.
• A full quantum software stack is needed to support diverse QCS architectures and facilitate seamless access from HPC environments.

2. The Role of EuroQCS

• EuroQCS aims to create a federated quantum computing and simulation infrastructure that includes cloud access to stand-alone QCS.
• The initiative is part of the European Quantum Technology Flagship and the EuroHPC Joint Undertaking (JU), which are key drivers for the development of a world-class supercomputing ecosystem in Europe.
• The infrastructure is expected to evolve over time, starting with peta-scale systems and progressing to exascale systems and large-scale quantum platforms.

3. Timeline of EuroQCS Development

4. Current Landscape in Quantum Computing & Simulation

• Quantum computing is emerging as a new paradigm for computational power, with NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) architectures being the current state of the art.
• The document categorizes QCS into three types based on maturity and capabilities:
  • Proof-of-concept architectures (e.g., molecular spin qubits, topological qubits, valley qubits)
  • Proof-of-performance architectures (e.g., neutral-atom qubits, semiconductor-based qubits, photonic qubits)
  • Application-ready architectures (e.g., trapped ions, superconducting qubits)

5. Key Technologies and Platforms

• Trapped ions are considered a leading platform for quantum information processing, with high coherence times and fidelity.
• Neutral-atom qubits (especially Rydberg atoms) offer scalability and have been used for large-scale quantum simulations.
• Semiconductor-based qubits utilize spin coherence and are fully electrically controllable.
• Photonic qubits support multi-qubit operations and are being pursued for fault-tolerant quantum computing.

6. Strategic Recommendations

• Prioritize application development by lead users and developers, as the availability of HPC and QCS infrastructure alone will not guarantee application growth.
• Develop quantum software, including compilers, runtime systems, and programming languages, to support the integration of QCS with HPC.
• Enhance QCS-HPC integration through co-location at HPC sites and distributed approaches to support modularity and inclusiveness.
• Invest in training and education to build a quantum-literate workforce, including MSc and PhD-level programs in computer science and computational sciences.
• Secure funding for projects that identify and develop applications for QCS, especially those that can demonstrate quantum advantage and scalability.

7. SWOT Analysis of EuroQCS

Conclusion

EuroQCS is a strategic initiative that seeks to build a Pan-European HPC-QC infrastructure, fostering collaboration between HPC centers, quantum researchers, and industry. It emphasizes the importance of application development, software innovation, and user training to ensure the successful integration and utilization of quantum technologies within the broader HPC ecosystem. The timeline outlines a clear path from peta-scale to exascale systems, with the ultimate goal of achieving quantum advantage and commercial viability for European quantum technologies.