2016-07-20-世界卫生组织-Zika_situation_report_-_21_July_2016_8页_634kb

Zika Virus 2016 Situation Report Summary

Overview

• The WHO and partners defined a classification system for Zika virus outbreak levels, including outbreak, endemic transmission, and interruption of mosquito-borne transmission, starting from 7 July 2016.

• As of 20 July 2016, 65 countries and territories had reported mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission since 2007 (62 since 2015):

  • 48 had a first reported outbreak from 2015 onwards.
  • 4 showed possible endemic transmission or local cases in 2016.
  • 13 had evidence of local transmission in or before 2015 but no documentation in 2016 or had terminated outbreaks.

Key Findings on Transmission and Cases

• Eleven countries reported non-mosquito-borne transmission, primarily through sexual routes.
• No new mosquito-borne transmission reports in the week ending 20 July 2016.

Associated Health Impacts

• Microcephaly and other CNS malformations: 13 countries reported cases potentially linked to Zika virus, with Brazil having the highest count.
• Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS): 15 countries reported increased GBS incidence or cases linked to Zika.
• Science-based consensus: Zika virus is a cause of microcephaly and GBS.

Global Risk Assessment

• Risk unchanged: Zika continues to spread geographically in regions with competent vectors.
• High vigilance needed due to ongoing transmission and no overall decline in outbreaks.

Response Efforts

• WHO's Strategic Response Framework includes surveillance, control measures, and research.
• WHO provided guidance, materials, and support for risk communication, vector control, and healthcare for affected individuals.

Commentary

Cases linked to unusual high viral load were noted, and the U.S. reported first documented female-to-male sexual transmission.