2017至2025年基里巴斯综合能源路线图（英文版）_138页-3mb

Summary of the Kiribati Integrated Energy Roadmap (2017-2025)

Core Content

The Kiribati Integrated Energy Roadmap (KIER) is a comprehensive strategy developed by the Government of Kiribati in collaboration with IRENA, SPC, and PPA, with funding from Germany and Australia. It outlines the path for transitioning Kiribati's energy system towards sustainability, affordability, and energy independence by 2025. The roadmap covers all energy sectors, including power generation, transport, buildings, and desalination, and integrates both renewable energy deployment and energy efficiency measures.

Main Purpose and Scope

The KIER aims to:

• Reduce fossil fuel dependence and associated costs.
• Promote the sustainable use of renewable energy (solar, wind, bioenergy).
• Improve energy efficiency across the demand side.
• Enhance energy security and reduce vulnerability to oil price fluctuations.
• Support climate change mitigation and adaptation through renewable energy and efficient practices.

It includes:

• A policy framework with specific targets.
• A prioritised action plan with cost estimates and timelines.
• Institutional, regulatory, technical, and financial recommendations.

Key Findings and Recommendations

Key Findings:

1. Energy Supply: 63% of Kiribati’s energy comes from imported petroleum, while 37% is from indigenous renewable sources (bioenergy, solar).
2. Demand Analysis: Energy demand is expected to remain stable under the BAU scenario, but energy efficiency measures can reduce it significantly.
3. Current Power System: The system is outdated, with high losses and insufficient maintenance, leading to inefficiencies.
4. Future Power System: Integration of solar PV and wind, along with energy storage and smart grid technologies, is essential for a reliable and sustainable power system.
5. Coconut Oil as Fuel: Coconut oil has potential as an alternative to diesel for power generation and transport.
6. Renewable Energy Transportation: Solar and wind energy can support the transport sector, including electric vessels and hybrid systems.
7. Renewable Desalination: Desalination can be powered by renewables, with solar PV and wind being particularly viable options.

Recommendations:

• Optimise and reduce fossil fuel use:

  • Implement LPG for cooking to reduce costs and improve efficiency.
  • Adopt energy efficiency measures (EE-DSM) to reduce electricity demand.
  • Reform PUB to separate electricity and water services into dedicated state-owned enterprises.
  • Reduce fossil fuel use in power generation by 22% through efficiency improvements.

• Expand the efficient use of indigenous renewable energy resources:

  • Increase solar PV deployment in South Tarawa and desalination systems.
  • Develop renewable energy systems for Kiritimati, including PV, wind, and battery storage.
  • Promote renewable energy and ice plants for fish preservation in the Outer Islands.

• Introduce new technologies:

  • Use advanced control systems, energy storage, and load shifting to manage variable renewable energy (VRE).
  • Explore renewable desalination technologies, especially solar PV-driven reverse osmosis.
  • Invest in modern transport solutions, including electric and hybrid vessels.

Key Sectors and Actions

Power Generation:

• South Tarawa: Focus on solar PV integration, battery storage, and efficiency improvements.
• Kiritimati: Develop hybrid systems with PV, wind, and battery storage to achieve high renewable shares.
• Outer Islands: Expand solar home systems and promote renewable energy for fish preservation.

Energy Efficiency:

• Demand Side Management (EE-DSM): Implement energy efficiency measures in residential, government, and commercial buildings.
• Lighting improvements: Replace inefficient lighting with LED and CFL.
• Appliance upgrades: Replace inefficient refrigerators and freezers.
• Electricity demand reduction: Projected savings of AUD 475,482 by 2025.

Desalination:

• Renewable Desalination Options: Solar PV and wind can power desalination plants, reducing reliance on diesel.
• Cost-competitiveness: Renewable desalination is already cost-effective compared to fossil fuel-based systems.
• Water demand analysis: Desalination needs are significant, especially in South Tarawa and Kiritimati.

Transport:

• Renewable Energy Potential: Solar and wind can power electric and hybrid vessels, including sail-assisted ships.
• Energy Efficiency in Transport: Promote electric vehicles and efficient fuel use to reduce overall energy demand.

Petroleum:

• Fuel Terminal Operations: Improve efficiency and reduce losses through better management and training.
• Fuel Procurement: Develop a sustainable and cost-effective fuel procurement plan to support the transition to renewables.

Cross-Cutting Issues

• Climate Change and Environment: Renewable energy and efficiency measures are critical for climate resilience.
• Data and Information: Establish a Pacific Regional Data Repository (PRDR) to improve energy data collection and analysis.
• Capacity Building: Enhance institutional and technical capacity to support the implementation of the roadmap.
• Alternatives to LPG: Explore and promote alternative fuels and technologies to reduce fossil fuel dependence.

Implementation Plan

The KIER includes:

• A detailed energy efficiency implementation plan covering all sectors.
• A renewable energy implementation plan focusing on solar, wind, and bioenergy.
• A financing plan for both energy efficiency and renewable energy projects.
• A capacity needs assessment to identify gaps and priorities for training and infrastructure development.

Conclusion

The KIER provides a clear pathway for Kiribati to achieve energy independence and sustainable development by leveraging renewable energy and energy efficiency measures. It highlights the importance of modernising the electricity system, reducing losses, and promoting the use of local and renewable energy sources. The roadmap is supported by detailed studies and includes actionable steps for implementation, backed by financial and technical planning.