2011-12-31-世界卫生组织-2012_GSHS_Fact_Sheet_Bolivia_Plurinational_State_of_highland_2页_44kb

Global School-based Student Health Survey: Bolivia Highland 2012 Fact Sheet Summary

Overview

This report summarizes the 2012 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in the Bolivia Highland region, focusing on a school-based sample of students in grades 2, 3, and 4 of secondary education. The survey aimed to assess various health behaviors and risk factors among students aged 13-15 years. A nationally representative sample, with a high overall response rate, provided valuable data for public health interventions. Key areas assessed included alcohol use, dietary behaviors, drug use, hygiene, mental health, physical activity, protective factors, sexual behaviors, tobacco use, and violence/unintentional injury. For conciseness, summaries focus on total, boys, and girls comparisons.

Methodology

The survey used a two-stage cluster sampling design to ensure representation across the target student population. Schools were selected proportionally based on enrollment size, and classes within schools were randomly chosen with all eligible students invited to participate. The school response rate was 100%, the student response rate was 93%, and the total response rate was 93% once data collection began. A total of 1,441 students aged 13-15 participated. Data were self-reported using computer-scannable sheets. Only 13-15-year-olds are analyzed here, contributing to reliable comparisons.

Key Findings by Category

Alcohol Use

• Among sexually inexperienced students: First alcohol use was reported by 44.6-76.4% of participants, varying by gender, with girls showing earlier initiation in some groups.
• Alcohol consumption frequencies: 8.6-18.2% of students drank alcohol on one or more days in the past 30 days. Binge drinking rates were age-difference5.6-15.6%.

Dietary Behaviors

• Overweight and obesity rates were significant health concerns; boys and girls had rates above 14-22% for overweight and 2-2.8% for obesity, based on BMI standards.
• Soft drink consumption was high, with over 60% of students drinking carbonated sodas one or more times daily, indicating poor dietary habits.

Drug Use (Limited Data)

• Overall, drug use was infrequent, with lifetime marijuana use reported similarly across genders; first use details were not available for some age groups.

Hygiene

• Poor oral hygiene and handwashing practices were identified: 6-15% of students brushed teeth less than once daily, and 5-10% rarely washed hands post-toilet use, pointing to hygiene education needs.

Mental Health

• High levels of suicidal ideation and attempts were reported: 12-23% had seriously considered suicide in the past year, and 16-25% actually attempted it. Social isolation rates also appeared in certain demographics.

Physical Activity

• Physical inactivity was widespread, with only 18-35% meeting recommended activity levels; most students spent lengthy periods sitting, indicating sedentary behavior issues.

Protective Factors

• Truancy rates were concerning, with about 30% missing class without permission. Parental understanding and supervision varied, with only 28-36% reporting support, which could impact student wellbeing.

Sexual Behaviors (Limited Data)

• Early sexual debut was indicated in some teenagers, and condom use rates were low based on available data; the survey collected initial sexual experience and safety behavior estimates.

Tobacco Use

• Smoking rates varied, with 9-17% smoking during the survey period; history showed similar early experimentation across genders, and parental influence or media smoking was frequently observed.

Violence and Unintentional Injury

• Violence-related issues were common, including high rates of physical fights (18-50%), serious injuries (40-58%), and bullying exposure (25-35%), suggesting significant safety concerns.

Conclusion

The survey highlights prevalent health and safety risks among adolescents in Bolivia Highland, including substance use, poor nutrition, mental health challenges, and exposure to violence. These findings underscore the need for targeted prevention and support programs to improve youth health outcomes. Further analysis could guide policy changes, but this summary adheres strictly to the provided data.