GWEC：2022年全球风能报告（EN）_158页_14mb

Global Wind Report 2022 Summary

Core Content

The Global Wind Report 2022 highlights the critical role of wind energy in the global transition to a net-zero and climate-neutral future. It emphasizes the resilience of the wind industry despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, geopolitical tensions, and market disruptions. The report outlines the need for policy reforms, technological innovation, and stronger supply chains to accelerate the deployment of wind energy and meet international climate goals.

Main Points and Key Information

Wind Energy's Role in Climate Action

• Wind energy is seen as a key enabler for decarbonizing the global economy and achieving the Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 1.5°C.
• The report stresses that action cannot be delayed to meet these climate objectives.
• The wind industry is resilient and has continued to grow, even amid the second year of the pandemic.

2021 Market Status

• 93.6 GW of new wind capacity was added globally in 2021, making it the second-best year for the industry.
• Cumulative global wind capacity reached 837 GW.
• Onshore wind accounted for 72.5 GW, with China and US experiencing slower growth due to market dynamics, while Europe, Latin America, and Africa & Middle East saw record growth of 19%, 27%, and 120%, respectively.
• Offshore wind reached 21.1 GW in 2021, contributing to 57 GW of total offshore capacity, or 7% of global installations.
• China was the leading country in offshore installations, contributing 80% of the global offshore growth, followed by Vietnam and Brazil.

Challenges and Barriers

• Permitting bottlenecks are a major obstacle to the growth of wind projects worldwide.
• Market design has led to a "race to the bottom", pushing costs down but squeezing the industry financially.
• Supply chain disruptions, rising raw material prices, and protectionist trade measures are threatening the industry's stability.
• Geopolitical risks and fossil fuel dependency have intensified due to the Ukraine invasion, highlighting the need for renewable energy to ensure energy security.

Market Outlook (2022–2026)

• The CAGR for the next five years is 6.6%, with 557 GW of new wind capacity expected to be added.
• Onshore wind is projected to grow at 6.1%, with 466 GW likely to be added by 2026.
• Offshore wind is expected to grow at 8.3%, with the annual offshore market increasing from 21.1 GW in 2021 to 31.4 GW in 2026.
• Floating offshore wind is identified as a game-changer, with the potential to expand into new sea basins and commercialise by the middle of this decade.

Policy and Market Reforms

• Clear and stable regulatory frameworks are essential for attracting investment and ensuring long-term growth.
• Auctions have become a key mechanism for driving growth, but they are not sufficient on their own.
• Governments must accelerate permitting and reform market design to support renewable energy deployment.
• Carbon neutrality is now a mainstream goal, with 80% of global GDP and 77% of GHG emissions covered by national net-zero targets, but only 10% of GDP and 5% of GHG emissions have clear and actionable plans.

Future Challenges

• The wind industry must address short and long-term challenges, including:
  • Supply chain geopolitics
  • Social impacts
  • Disinformation
  • Cybersecurity
  • Cryptocurrencies
• The transition to net-zero requires holistic planning, innovation, and community engagement.

10 Key Takeaways

1. Scaling up to 2030: Wind energy installations must increase fourfold annually to align with the 1.5°C and net-zero pathways.
2. Complex and interconnected energy systems: The energy transition is central to geopolitics, requiring trust and cooperation.
3. System design challenges: Current fossil fuel-based markets are unsustainable; reforms are needed to increase security of supply and support renewable energy pricing.
4. Perverse market design: Auctions are pushing costs down, but this squeezes the industry and discourages investment.
5. Permitting bottlenecks: These are a major barrier to progress and must be addressed urgently.
6. Energy security: Renewable energy is essential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and shield against price volatility.
7. Floating offshore wind: This technology is ready to scale and will unlock new markets and capacity.
8. Grid and infrastructure: Investments in smart grids, transmission networks, and energy storage are crucial for the integration of renewable energy.
9. Supply chain development: Local and regional hubs can reduce geopolitical risks and support economic growth.
10. Collaboration is key: A collective effort among governments, communities, investors, and the industry is necessary to achieve a sustainable and prosperous energy future.

Conclusion

The Global Wind Report 2022 underscores the importance of wind energy in the global effort to combat climate change, ensure energy security, and achieve economic and social benefits. It calls for urgent policy action, market reforms, and technological innovation to drive the next era of wind energy growth and avoid a disorderly transition.