全球风能大会-从发展中经济体的风力发电中获取绿色复苏机会（英）-2022.2-81页_14mb

Summary of "Capturing Green Recovery Opportunities from Wind Power in Developing Economies"

Core Content

This report by the Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC), authored by BVG Associates, highlights the potential of wind energy to drive green recovery and sustainable development in developing economies. It underscores the critical role of wind power in supporting a global clean energy transition and achieving climate goals, particularly in the context of post-pandemic economic recovery. The report focuses on five key countries: Brazil, India, Mexico, South Africa, and the Philippines, analyzing the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of accelerating wind deployment through a green recovery scenario.

Main Points

1. Global Wind Energy Potential

• Wind energy is a proven and cost-effective alternative to fossil fuels, with significant cost reductions and technological advancements over the past two decades.
• The global clean energy transition requires accelerated deployment of large-scale renewable sources like wind and solar to limit the worst impacts of climate change.
• To meet the global goal of limiting temperature rise to 1.5°C by the end of the century, annual wind energy installations must increase by about four times over the next decade.

2. Green Recovery Scenario

• A green recovery scenario involves targeted public stimulus, investment, and policy reforms to create a favorable environment for a green economy.
• In this scenario, wind energy deployment is expected to yield substantial benefits, including increased installed capacity, more jobs, higher gross value added (GVA), and significant reductions in carbon emissions and water usage.

3. Socioeconomic and Environmental Benefits

• Wind energy can create a wide range of jobs, from construction and maintenance to local supply chain roles.
• It contributes to public health cost savings, reduces water consumption, and provides clean, affordable, and secure energy.
• The report estimates that a 1 GW/year installation rate over five years could unlock approximately 130,000 jobs and US$12.5 billion in GVA to national economies.

4. Key Findings for Selected Countries

• Brazil could see an additional 4,790 MW of wind capacity, 575,000 more jobs, and 182 million metric tons of CO₂e saved.
• India could gain 9,650 MW of new wind capacity, 1,150,000 more jobs, and 229 million metric tons of CO₂e saved.
• Mexico could add 2,185 MW of wind capacity, 225,000 more jobs, and 93 million metric tons of CO₂e saved.
• South Africa could install 2,524 MW of additional wind capacity, 250,000 more jobs, and 190 million metric tons of CO₂e saved.
• The Philippines could see 500 MW of new wind capacity, 33,000 more jobs, and 20 million metric tons of CO₂e saved.

5. Common Barriers to Wind Deployment

• Lack of clear policy commitment and long-term ambitions for wind energy.
• Insufficient transmission system infrastructure and limited investment in grid upgrades.
• Complex and bureaucratic regulatory frameworks that delay project approvals.

Key Recommendations

1. Policy Commitment

• Governments should provide a clear and consistent vision for wind energy through targets, NDCs, and climate strategies.
• Establish long-term procurement pipelines via regular auctions and ensure transparency in project areas and expected generation.
• Ensure that wind energy and its associated grid infrastructure are embedded in public strategy to signal government support.

2. Invest in Transmission Infrastructure

• Expand public and private investment in secure, smart, and flexible grids to support higher renewable energy shares.
• Accelerate forward planning for transmission network expansion and development.
• Coordinate grid planning with future wind development areas to avoid delays and congestion.
• Include storage solutions such as pumped hydro or batteries in grid planning.

3. Simplify Permitting Frameworks

• Streamline permitting, leasing, and auction processes to reduce bureaucratic delays.
• Consider establishing a single agency or 'one-stop shop' to manage documentation and applications.
• Implement mandated maximum lead times for permits (e.g., 2 years for onshore, 3 for offshore, 1 for repowering).
• Create a clearing house mechanism for legal disputes to expedite project timelines.
• Develop land use strategies that prioritize nature-positive energy solutions.
• Fast-track permitting for repowering existing wind farms with aging turbines.

4. Other Recommendations

• Ensure a consistent and predictable bidding or auction process to build investor confidence.
• Make revenue stream mechanisms bankable and attractive to investors.
• Engage with the wind industry to ensure policy and regulatory frameworks are feasible and investable.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes that wind energy is a key driver for green recovery and sustainable development in developing economies. It calls for urgent action from governments to remove barriers and create an enabling environment for wind deployment. With the right policies, investments, and coordination, wind energy can significantly contribute to climate action, economic growth, and energy security. The findings highlight that the benefits of green recovery, including job creation, GVA, and emissions reduction, are substantial and achievable with proactive measures.

Acknowledgments

The report is dedicated to the memory of Ntombifuthi Ntuli, former CEO of the South African Wind Energy Association (SAWEA), who played a pivotal role in advancing wind energy in South Africa. It also acknowledges the contributions of several organizations and individuals, including the Inter-American Development Bank, International Financial Corporation, and others, who provided input for the study.