2023-03-01-世界卫生组织-Multi-country_outbreak_of_mpox,_External_Situation_report_17_-_2_March_2023_19页_750kb

报告摘要

Global Risk Assessment: The WHO assesses the global risk as moderate.
Timeframe: Data up to February 27, 2023, reports on lab-confirmed cases and deaths from 110 countries/territories across all WHO regions.
Key Statistics: 86,173 confirmed cases and 100 deaths logged since January 1, 2022.

Cases and Deaths: Since the last report, 313 new cases (0.4% increase in total cases) and eight new deaths have been reported. The outbreak shows a long-tail epidemic curve with a slowing decline in new cases.
Regional Comparison:
- Regions like the European and Americas are showing signs of declining transmission.
- Increases are noted in the Americas and Western Pacific regions.
Spillover Risk: Even with no cases, reintroduction remains a concern in regions with sporadic cases.

European Region: Outbreak slowing down; 59.3% cases are male, age 34.5 years. High cases from USA (30,012) and Brazil (10,825).
African Region: Sustained transmission, including both human-to-human and zoonotic cases. 92.8% cases are male, with Central African Republic reporting one death.
American Region: High concentration in USA and Brazil. Strong links to MSM community; 85.5% of cases report sexual contact transmission.
South-East Asia Region: Only 40 cases (1 death) from four countries, with India and Thailand leading. Lower proportion of male cases (58%) than global average.
Pacific Region: 248 cases with no deaths, showing a 32.5% weekly increase in some areas.

Demographics: 96.4% of cases are men, median age 34 years. Pediatric cases (1.1%) are concentrated in the Americas.
Transmission: 68.8% of transmission events involve skin/mucosal contact during sex. MSM account for 85.5% of cases with sexual orientation data.
Viral Clade: Most cases in the Americas and Europe are due to Clade II MPXV.

Available Vaccines: Three vaccines approved, including MVA-BN, which is prioritized for pre-exposure and post-exposure use. Effectiveness estimates: 66-85% for two doses.
WHO Recommendations: Targeted at high-risk groups (e.g., MSM, health workers). Emergency use supported, with surveillance and contact tracing emphasized.
Distribution: Over 100,000 doses delivered via WHO programs to countries like Bahamas, Brazil, and Colombia.
Overall Status: The outbreak is declining but remains a concern, especially in areas with ongoing transmission and potential for reintroduction.

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