2024-09-01-世界银行-衡量社会可持续性_多维方法（英）_69页_2mb

Social Sustainability Measurement Report: Summary

Purpose and Methodology

This paper introduces a measure of social sustainability by a multidimensional approach, applied in Peru and South Africa. Social sustainability is defined through four dimensions: inclusion, resilience, social cohesion, and process legitimacy, each measured by 16 indicators using the Counting Approach (Alkire-Foster 2011).

Key Findings

The Social Sustainability Index (SSI) indicates that:

• Approximately two-thirds of both countries' populations experience multiple social gaps (67% in Peru, 65% in South Africa).
• Intensity rates are 47% in Peru and 53% in South Africa, reflected in concurrent gaps across seven and eight indicators respectively.
• Higher social gaps in South Africa outweigh those in Peru.
• Vulnerable groups, women, racial/ethnic minorities, and certain regions are disproportionately affected.
• Process legitimacy is the major driver of social gaps (40% in Peru, 30% in South Africa).

Data and Measurement

• Uses nationally representative surveys (ENAHO for Peru, SASAS for South Africa).
• Employs fixed weights and a threshold method to identify multidimensional gaps.
• The measure is robust to parameter changes such as varying thresholds, weights, and indicators.

Policy Implications

Policy recommendations suggest:

• Targeted interventions for specific vulnerable populations.
• A greater focus on governance and institutional trust, separate from poverty reduction measures.
• Designing policies to address multiple forms of exclusion, emphasizing full inclusion beyond basic service access.

Limitations

• Data availability is uneven, limiting global replication.
• Certain vulnerable groups (LGBTQ+, irregular migrants) remain poorly represented in datasets.