世界银行-社会可持续性与发展进程：它是什么，为什么重要，以及如何增强它？（英）-2023.6-84页_896kb

Social sustainability is defined as "social sustainability is when all people feel part of the development process and believe that they and their descendants will benefit from it." and "socially sustainable communities and societies are willing and able to work together to overcome challenges, deliver public goods, allocate scarce resources in ways that are perceived as legitimate and fair by all so that all people may thrive over time."

The four critical components are social cohesion, inclusion, resilience, and process legitimacy. These components are considered crucial for development outcomes.

Social sustainability is distinguished from economic and environmental sustainability by its focus on "club" goods, legitimacy, long-term policy impacts, weak shared consensus, and variable metrics.

Inclusion refers to ensuring everyone's access to markets, services, political spaces, and to...
"inclusive societies are those where everyone has access to basic services and markets as well as to political, social, and cultural spaces in order to participate in society with agency and live with dignity."

Cohesion emphasizes trust and cooperation among individuals and groups.

Resilience enables communities to withstand and recover from shocks.

Process legitimacy is "[the extent to which a community or society accepts who has authority, what goals are formulated, and how policies and programs get implemented.]"

Empirical evidence shows strong positive correlations between these components and poverty reduction and human capital.

Bolstering social sustainability requires comprehensive approaches and operational insights to address the inherent complexity and nuances of social dynamics.