IMF-公众对减缓气候变化政策的支持：一项跨国调查（英）-2023.10-49页_2mb

2023 IMF Working Paper: Public Support for Climate Change Mitigation Policies: A Cross-Country Survey

Authors: Era Dabla-Norris, Salma Khalid, Giacomo Magistretti, Alexandre Sollaci

Key Findings:

• Drivers of Support for Policies:

  • Demographics: Higher concern for climate change among women, educated individuals, and those supportive of government economic regulation.
  • Beliefs: Support linked to perceived efficacy of policies (e.g., effectiveness and co-benefits such as cleaner air and renewable energy investment).
  • Distributional Concerns: Equity is critical; disproportionately negative impacts on low/middle-income households dampen support for carbon pricing.
  • Revenue Recycling: Public support increases when revenues are redistributed to low-income groups or allocated to social spending/climate projects.

• Cross-Country Heterogeneity:

  • Emerging markets show stronger policy concerns and support compared to advanced economies.
  • Concerns about equity and distributional burden vary by country, with emerging economies more sensitive to revenue recycling.
  • Political ideology significantly shapes climate policy preferences.

• Carbon Pricing: Ranked among the least favored policies but becomes more acceptable when revenue is recycled. Co-benefits (air quality, health) and clarity on revenue use drive support.

• Information Experiments:

  • Providing information about benefits of carbon pricing increases support by approximately 7 percentage points.
  • Highlighting costs reduces support by about 9 percentage points.
  • Tailored information delivery based on country-specific knowledge gaps enhances impact.

• International Cooperation:

  • Most respondents believe mitigation requires global action and that all countries (not just rich ones) should bear responsibility.
  • Current emissions are viewed as fairer basis for burden-sharing.

Conclusion:
Understanding public perspectives is vital for climate policy adoption. Information provision, equitable design, and clear revenue recycling mechanisms can drive broader acceptance of climate mitigation measures.