世界银行-克罗地亚性别格局（英）-2024-24页_811kb

Croatia Gender Landscape 2024 Summary

1. Overview

• Croatia has made progress but faces significant gender equality challenges.
• EU accession improved certain standards, but deep-seated issues like stereotypes and unequal domestic responsibilities persist.
• Croatia ranked 20th out of 27 EU countries in the 2023 Gender Equality Index with a score of 60.7/100.

2. Key Areas

Human Capital

• Girls outperform boys in education and health.
• The gender gap in the Human Capital Index is large (girl-to-boy ratio ~74.0%), especially in learning-adjusted years.

Labor Market & Unpaid Work

• Female employment rate (65%) is low relative to EU average (>69%) with gaps widening at certain ages.
• Women spend ~20h/week more on unpaid work than men, influenced by cultural norms.

Income, Poverty & Social Exclusion

• Gender pay gap narrows but persists (as of 2021: women earn ~11.1% less than men on average wages/pensions).
• Croatian women face a higher risk of poverty/material deprivation.

Power & Decision Making

• Representation in local and national politics is relatively good (34% in parliament).
• Disproportionate underrepresentation in corporate leadership (boards) and other key domains.

Gender-Based Violence

• Croatia has one of the lowest rates of intimate partner violence among EU countries.
• However, concerns exist around underreporting and specific trends in family-related violence.

3. Challenges

• Persistent gender stereotypes.
• Unequal distribution of unpaid care work (including domestic duties and eldercare).
• Disparities in labor market participation and pay.
• Slow convergence in the "time" domain of the Gender Equality Index.
• Barriers to women's economic empowerment and leadership.

4. Recommendations

• Strengthen childcare and elderly care systems.
• Expand parental and flexible work arrangements.
• Promote work-life balance and shared caregiving responsibilities.
• Combat gender stereotypes through public awareness campaigns.
• Enforce equal pay legislation and support women's advancement.
• Review and strengthen legal frameworks against discrimination and gender-based violence.