世界银行-亲密伴侣暴力预防计划的意外影响_来自卢旺达的实验证据（英）-2025.1_72页_1mb

Policy Research Working Paper 11040: Unintended Impacts of an Intimate Partner Violence Prevention Program in Rwanda

Summary:

A large-scale, 22-week couples-based randomised controlled trial in rural Rwanda aimed to prevent intimate partner violence (IPV) by improving communication, shifting gender attitudes, and promoting equality. Contrary to expectations, the intervention significantly increased IPV for both treated couples (7, 5, and 10 pp increases in emotional, physical, and sexual violence) and spillover couples in treated villages (7, 11, and 17 pp increases). Women reported more violence, and negative effects also extended to other well-being indicators, increased alcohol use, violence against men, and depression. Evidence points to backlash against threatened male gender identities, amplified by community dissemination of progressive messages, causing increased friction within couples and community resistance. Extensive checks ruled out increased reporting bias but confirmed actual increases in violence. The study highlights the importance of identity threats and norms when designing gender equality policies and underscores the unintended negative harms of common prevention strategies, stressing the need for understanding social backlash to mitigate risks.