世界经济论坛：2023年全球性别差距报告_382页_8mb

Global Gender Gap Report 2023 Summary

Core Content

The Global Gender Gap Report 2023 is an annual publication by the World Economic Forum that benchmarks the state of gender parity across four key dimensions: Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment. It provides data and analysis on the progress made by 146 countries in closing gender gaps, with a focus on identifying effective policies and trends.

Key Findings

• Global Gender Gap Score: In 2023, the global gender gap is 68.4% closed, showing a 0.3% improvement compared to 2022. However, the rate of progress has slowed, and at the current pace, it will take 131 years to reach full gender parity.

• Top Performing Countries:

  • Iceland (91.2%) remains the top performer globally.
  • The top nine countries have closed at least 80% of their gender gap.
  • New Zealand (85.6%), Norway (87.9%), Finland (86.3%), Sweden (81.5%), Germany (81.5%), Nicaragua (81.1%), Namibia (80.2%), and Lithuania (80.0%) make up the top 10.
  • Ireland and Rwanda have dropped out of the top 10.

• Subindex Performance:

  • Health and Survival: 96% closed.
  • Educational Attainment: 95.2% closed.
  • Economic Participation and Opportunity: 60.1% closed.
  • Political Empowerment: 22.1% closed.

• Time to Parity by Region:

  • Europe: 76.3% parity, projected to reach full parity in 67 years.
  • North America: 75% parity, projected to reach full parity in 95 years.
  • Latin America and the Caribbean: 74.3% parity, projected to reach full parity in 53 years.
  • Eurasia and Central Asia: 69% parity, projected to reach full parity in 167 years.
  • East Asia and the Pacific: 68.8% parity, projected to reach full parity in 189 years.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: 68.2% parity, projected to reach full parity in 102 years.
  • Southern Asia: 63.4% parity, projected to reach full parity in 149 years.
  • Middle East and North Africa: 62.6% parity, projected to reach full parity in 152 years.

Major Trends and Insights

• Labour Market Gaps:

  • Women's labour-force participation has slightly recovered, with a 64% parity rate in 2023, up from 63% in 2022.
  • However, the recovery is incomplete, and women still face higher unemployment rates (4.5%) compared to men (4.3%).
  • Women are more likely to be employed in informal sectors, which has contributed to the modest recovery in employment rates.

• Workforce Representation:

  • Women account for 41.9% of the global workforce but only 32.2% of senior leadership roles.
  • The representation in C-suite positions is even lower, at 25%.
  • Certain industries such as Consumer Services, Retail, and Education show better parity, while Construction, Financial Services, and Real Estate present significant challenges.

• Future Skills Gaps:

  • Online learning is becoming increasingly important, but a digital divide persists, limiting equal access to platforms.
  • Technology skills such as technological literacy and AI show less than 50% parity, with slow progress.
  • Women tend to attain proficiency levels faster than men when they do enrol in courses.

• Political Leadership Gaps:

  • Women hold 27.9% of political decision-making positions globally, equivalent to 2.12 billion people.
  • The proportion of women in parliaments has increased from 18.7% in 2013 to 22.9% in 2022.
  • Local governance has seen progress, with 18 countries achieving over 40% female representation.

DEI Initiatives and Recommendations

• The World Economic Forum and its Gender Parity Accelerators are working to close gender gaps through policy scaling, CEO leadership, and knowledge-sharing.
• DEI programmes are increasingly being adopted, with 79% of surveyed companies implementing them with a focus on women's inclusion.
• The report emphasizes the need for concerted and bold action by both public and private sector leaders to accelerate progress and renew economic growth.

Methodology and Disclaimer

• The Global Gender Gap Index is based on international statistics and executive surveys.
• The report includes data from 146 countries, with 102 countries included in every edition since 2006, enabling longitudinal analysis.
• The data is subject to change, and users must attribute it correctly and avoid altering its integrity.
• The World Economic Forum does not warrant ownership of all data and disclaims liability for any use or reliance on it.

Conclusion

The 2023 report highlights that while progress has been made in some areas, particularly in health and education, political and economic gaps remain wide. The report underscores the urgency of action and the importance of inclusive policies, DEI initiatives, and cross-sector collaboration to achieve gender parity. It also serves as a tool for leaders to identify and implement effective strategies for gender equality.