2023-12-15-联合国贸易发展委员会-气候行动的贸易法规_来自全球非关税措施数据库的新见解_32页_8mb
报告摘要
- The report examines non-tariff measures (NTMs) linked to climate change mitigation. It found that 2,366 climate change-related NTMs exist, affecting 26.4% of global trade ($6.5 trillion).These measures are highly concentrated in sectors such as motor vehicles, electricity, motor fuels, household appliances, and plastics. Climate-related NTMs primarily come from high-income countries, which constitute a large portion of global trade and emissions. These measures are mainly Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) (61%) and export-related measures (17%).Countries with higher CO₂ emissions tend to have more climate-related NTMs, largely due to structural factors rather than intentional efforts. While the overall economic cost is low (0.22% of global manufacturing trade), developing countries face disproportionate burdens. The report underscores the need for international coordination to harmonize climate-related NTMs and reduce trade costs.
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