2023-01-04-世界卫生组织-Multi-country_outbreak_of_mpox,_External_situation_report_13_-_5_January_2023_16页_659kb

报告摘要

Global Overview:

As of 2 January 2023, the multi-country mpox (monkeypox) outbreak had 83,943 laboratory-confirmed cases and 75 deaths across 110 countries/territories in all WHO regions.
Since the last report on 14 December 2022, 1,319 new cases (1.6% increase in total cases) and 10 new deaths were reported.
The global risk assessment by WHO is moderate, with the Region of the Americas at high risk, and moderate risk in African, Eastern Mediterranean, European, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific regions.

Epidemiological Trends:

The global number of weekly new cases decreased by 44.6% compared to the previous week, with the largest proportional decline in the African and European regions.
The outbreak continues to affect primarily young men (96.6% of cases with available data), with a median age of 34 years. Sexual transmission is the most common, accounting for 69.1% of reported transmission events, often occurring in party settings.
High-burden countries include the United States (29,603 cases), Brazil (10,498 cases), and Spain (7,496 cases), contributing to 86% of total cases.

Transmission and Affected Populations:

Mpox transmission is primarily human-to-human, with sexual contact being a major driver, particularly among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (84.4% of reported cases identify as such).
Cases are concentrated in the Americas, Europe, and other regions, but the virus spread is influenced by surveillance delays, stigma, and behavioral factors in different communities.

WHO Response and Updates:

WHO updated interim guidance on surveillance, case investigation, contact tracing, and infection prevention and control. This includes detailed animal exposure investigation, wastewater surveillance, and advising on isolation for contacts.
Updated case investigation and contact tracing forms were disseminated.
New public health advice is being finalized for congregate settings (e.g., prisons, schools), sex-on-premises venues, and communities, focusing on risk communication, stigma reduction, and vaccination.
WHO provided technical support to countries for laboratory testing, surveillance systems, and coordination through emergency appeals and guidance on unregistered treatments.

Special Focus on Congregate Settings:

Mpox spreads more easily in settings with close contact, such as prisons, schools, and refugee camps, due to overcrowding, shared spaces, and behaviors like sexual activity.
Recommendations include risk assessments, isolation measures, providing personal protective equipment, environmental decontamination, and vaccination for high-risk groups to prevent transmission.
Example outbreaks include Nigeria, the US Chicago detention facility, and a Sudanese refugee camp.

Regional Highlights (Region of the Americas):

As of 29 December 2022, the Americas reported 56,694 cases and 53 deaths, accounting for the highest absolute and proportional case burden globally.
Cases are often locally transmitted; 63% of cases in the region are from six high-burden countries (US, Brazil, etc.).
Outbreak response involves strengthened laboratory diagnostics, surveillance tools (e.g., Go.Data), and prevention strategies in vulnerable populations like indigenous and incarcerated groups.

Key Actions and Resources:

WHO continues to develop resources for early detection, treatment, and behavior monitoring. Countries delivered vaccines and provided training for healthcare workers.
Socio-behavioral research is expanding to address stigma and improve outbreak engagement.
Links to WHO guidance, surveillance platforms, and outbreak dashboards are available for detailed access.

This summary captures the core elements of the report, emphasizing trends, risks, and collaborative responses.

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