IEP-在不断变化的气候中改变观念（英）-2021-11页_603kb

Changing Perceptions in a Changing Climate Summary

Core Content

This report, conducted by the Institute for Economics & Peace (IEP), presents a comprehensive analysis of public perception of climate change across 142 countries. It highlights the disparity between national carbon emissions and the level of concern citizens have about climate change as a serious threat to their country in the next 20 years. The study is based on data from the Lloyd's Register Foundation World Risk Poll, which surveyed over 150,000 people globally.

Main Findings

• High Concern in Certain Regions: South America and Central America and the Caribbean showed the highest levels of concern about climate change. All ten South American countries had more than 60% of respondents indicating that climate change was a very serious threat, with Chile leading at 87.3%. In Central America and the Caribbean, Mexico recorded 70.1% concern.

• Low Concern in High Emitters: Some of the largest carbon emitters, such as China, the United States, India, and Russia, had less than 50% of their populations concerned about climate change as a serious threat. China, with a population of over 1.4 billion, had only 23.3% of respondents expressing concern.

• Gender Disparities: Men were slightly more concerned about climate change than women globally, with an average difference of 1.9%. However, in Europe, women were more concerned than men in 27 of the 36 countries, while in South America, men were more concerned in eight out of ten countries.

• Regional Analysis:

  • Asia Pacific: Myanmar, China, and Cambodia were among the least concerned, with Myanmar having the lowest at 21.1%. Singapore had the highest concern in the region at 72.9%.
  • Middle East and North Africa (MENA): This region showed the lowest level of concern globally. Yemen had the lowest at 12.7%, and the region had ten countries in the top twenty least concerned.
  • Europe: Spain and Portugal were among the top four countries globally in concern, with Spain recording the highest at 84.8%. Spanish women were the most concerned globally, at 87.4%.
  • North America: Canada had a higher level of concern (56.4%) than the United States (49.2%).
  • Russia and Eurasia: Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan had the lowest levels of concern, while Georgia had the highest at 56.9%.
  • South Asia: All six countries in the region ranked in the bottom third of global concern. Sri Lanka had the highest concern at 39%, and Bangladesh had the lowest at 28.7%.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa: Lesotho and Malawi had the highest levels of concern, with Lesotho at 77.9% and Malawi at 74.6%. Ethiopia had the lowest at 17.5%.

• Top 15 Emitters: Among the top fifteen carbon emitters, only three (Canada, United States, and Australia) had more than 50% of their population concerned about climate change. The top fifteen emitters per capita were Middle Eastern countries, including Qatar and the UAE, which also showed low levels of concern.

Key Information

• The study reveals a significant disconnect between carbon emissions and public perception of climate change.
• Countries with the highest concern about climate change are not necessarily the largest emitters.
• The report underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between climate change, peace, and economic well-being.
• It also highlights the role of cultural, economic, and political factors in shaping public perception.

Conclusion

The report emphasizes the need for a deeper understanding of how public perception of climate change varies across regions and populations. It calls for increased awareness and action, especially in countries where concern is low despite high emissions, to align with the global need for climate action and sustainability.