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Republic of the Marshall Islands Renewables Readiness Assessment Summary

Core Content

The Renewables Readiness Assessment (RRA) for the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) was conducted to support the country's transition to a sustainable energy future. The assessment is aligned with the 2009 National Energy Policy and the Energy Action Plan, which aim to improve the quality of life through clean, reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy services. The RMI, a small island state in the Pacific, has historically relied heavily on imported diesel fuel, which has led to high and volatile energy costs and a significant dependence on external assistance.

Main Points

• Energy Context: The RMI has no fossil fuel reserves and is heavily dependent on imported diesel and LPG for energy supply. The 2008 fuel price surge triggered a state of economic emergency, prompting a shift towards renewable energy.
• Renewable Energy Development: Over 95% of outer island communities now use stand-alone solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The goal is to introduce an additional 1 MW of solar energy in urban centers and reduce fossil fuel dependence by 20%.
• Key Renewable Resources: Solar energy is the most developed renewable source, while coconut oil is being explored as a potential biofuel for both power generation and transport. Wind and ocean energy are also under consideration.
• Challenges:
  • Legislative and Institutional Gaps: Lack of enabling legislation and institutional coordination.
  • Grid Integration: Need for improved grid stability, reduced transmission losses, and efficient energy systems.
  • Operation and Maintenance (O&M): Sustainability of O&M for off-grid systems, especially solar PV, is a major concern.
  • Diesel Grids: Leaks from fuel drums pose a serious problem for outer islands, necessitating conversion to solar PV.
• Policy and Strategic Goals: The Vision 2018 and National Energy Policy provide a framework for renewable energy development. The RRA supports the goal of reducing fossil fuel imports by 20% and increasing energy efficiency by 30% by 2020.
• Stakeholder Engagement: The RRA involved extensive consultations with government, private sector, and civil society stakeholders, resulting in a comprehensive understanding of current energy conditions and policy gaps.

Key Recommendations

1. Institutional and Legislative Development

• Review and update energy-related legislation to create a national energy agency and establish standards for renewable energy systems.
• Form an Energy Working Committee to coordinate renewable energy implementation and propose training programs.

2. Grid-Connected Renewables

• Develop a dynamic computer model to predict the impact of solar and wind on grid performance.
• Enforce standardized technical design, installation, and interconnection requirements.
• Design and implement financing schemes inspired by the Palau model.
• Establish capacity building programs tailored to local needs, including training trainers.

3. Off-Grid Renewables

• Conduct a comprehensive survey of factors causing failure in O&M and develop a remediation plan.
• Create institutional arrangements for rural electrification that are suitable for each outer island.
• Provide training in local languages to ensure that villagers can maintain renewable systems.
• Enforce design and installation standards for off-grid systems.

4. Diesel to Solar Conversion

• Convert existing diesel mini-grids to solar PV systems to eliminate fuel drum leakage.
• Study and replicate successful programs from other Pacific islands.

5. Coconut Oil as Biofuel

• Promote small-scale coconut oil production on outer islands to improve supply, quality, and cost.
• Review the 2009 National Energy Policy and enabling legislation for MEC and a national energy office.

Proposed Project Activities

• Activity 1: Large-scale project to support private investment in on-grid solar with and without energy storage.
• Activity 2: Provide sustainable electricity supply to residents on outer islands.
• Activity 3: Convert outer island diesel grids to solar generation.
• Activity 4: Shift coconut oil production from Majuro to outer islands to reduce costs and improve quality.
• Activity 5: Review the 2009 National Energy Policy and enabling legislation for MEC and a national energy office.

The RRA is a country-led initiative with support from IRENA. It provides a snapshot of the current energy landscape and identifies actions to enhance the RMI’s readiness for renewable energy expansion. These recommendations are intended to be translated into practical projects for implementation.

Key Information

• The RMI is located in the Central North Pacific Ocean, 3,200 km from Honolulu and Tokyo.
• The population is 53,158, with 74% living in urban areas (Majuro and Kwajalein).
• Ebeye is the most densely populated area, with 9,614 people per square mile.
• The national energy policy emphasizes clean, reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy.
• Solar PV is the most widely used renewable energy source, with 359 kWp connected to the Majuro grid by September 2014.
• The RRA was conducted by the MRD Energy Planning Division in collaboration with IRENA.
• The RRA process includes multi-stakeholder consultations and aims to improve policy implementation and renewable energy deployment.

Conclusion

The RRA highlights the potential for renewable energy in the RMI and outlines strategic actions to overcome current barriers. By addressing institutional gaps, improving grid integration, and ensuring sustainable off-grid operations, the RMI can move closer to its goal of reducing fossil fuel dependence and achieving a cleaner, more resilient energy system. The recommendations are designed to be actionable and collaborative, involving local stakeholders and development partners.